= ORCHIDEE_PEAT_V2 =
This version of ORCHIDEE has been used in "Modelling northern peatlands area and carbon dynamics since the Holocene with the ORCHIDEE-PEAT land surface model (SVN r5488)" by Chunjing Qiu, Dan Zhu, Philippe Ciais, Bertrand Guenet, Shushi Peng, Gerhard Krinner, Ardalan Tootchi, Agnès Ducharne, Adam Hastie, 
<< Reference to be added as soon as the manuscript is available >>.


== Abstract ==

The importance of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle has been recognized, especially for long-term changes. Yet, the complex interactions between climate and peatland hydrology, carbon storage and area dynamics make it challenging to represent these systems in land surface models. This study describes how peatland are included as an independent sub-grid hydrological soil unit (HSU) into the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. The peatland soil column in this tile is characterized by multi-layered vertical water and carbon transport, and peat-specific hydrological properties. The cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and the scheme of peatland initiation and development from the DYPTOP model, are implemented and adjusted, to simulate spatial and temporal dynamics of peatland. The model is tested across a range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 °N). Simulated northern peatland area (3.9 million km2), peat carbon stock (463 PgC) and peat depth are generally consistent with observed estimates of peatland area (3.4 – 4.0 million km2), peat carbon (270 – 540 PgC) and data compilations of peat core depths. Our results show that both net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of northern peatlands increased over the past century in response to CO2 and climate change. NPP increased more rapidly than HR, and thus net ecosystem production (NEP) exhibited a positive trend, contributing a cumulative carbon storage of 11.13 Pg C since 1901, most of it being realized after the 1950s.

== Code access ==

* See the version on the webinterface here : http://forge.ipsl.fr/orchidee/browser/branches/publications/ORCHIDEE-PEAT_r5488

* Extract it on a terminal as follow, type anonymous as password: 
{{{
svn co --username anonymous svn://forge.ipsl.fr/orchidee/branches/publications/ORCHIDEE-PEAT_r5488  ORCHIDEE
}}}

== Metadata ==

|| DOI || TBD ||
|| Creator || Chunjing Qiu ||
|| Affiliation || LSCE CEA/IPSL/CNRS/UVSQ ||
|| Title || ORCHIDEE_PEAT_V2 revision 5488 ||
|| Publisher || Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) ||
|| //PublicationYear// || 2019 ||
|| //ResourceType//  || Software ||
|| //Rights// || This software is distributed under the CeCILL license ||
|| //rightsURI // || http://www.cecill.info/ ||
|| Subject || Land surface model, peatlands, wetlands, global carbon cycle ||
|| //DataManager// || Karim Ramage (IPSL) ||
|| //DataCurator// || Josefine Ghattas (IPSL) ||
|| //ContactPerson// || Chunjing Qiu (LSCE CEA/IPSL/CNRS/UVSQ) ||
|| //FundingReference// || EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under  Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant  No. 643052, European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P
||