= ORCHIDEE_Biochar =
This version of ORCHIDEE has been used in '''Pyrogenic carbon mineralisation the missing link in the global grassland-dominated fire carbon budget''' by Simon P.K. Bowrin, Matthew W. Jones, Philippe Ciais, Bertrand Guenet, Samuel Abiven. Submitted to Nature Geoscience

== Abstract ==
Biomass recovery after wildfires often approximates pre-disturbance conditions. However, fire legacy carbon (C) fluxes hitherto-overlooked in global modelling indicate that post-fire terrestrial C retention through pyrogenic C (PyC) production, and losses via multiple pathways, must be considered to quantify the global fire C balance. Here we attempt a first quantification of the fire C balance using a land surface model run over 1901-2010. Global PyC production drives a soil carbon accumulation of ~280 TgC yr-1 which is partially offset by several legacy C losses totalling ~190 TgC yr-1 for a partial residual sink of ~90 TgC yr-1, giving a first mechanistic constraint on maximum annual PyC mineralisation (89 TgCyr-1) and a minimum PyC mean residence time of 5387 (1966-14100) yrs, assuming steady state.  The residual is negative over forests and strongly positive over grassland-savannahs, suggesting contrasting roles of vegetation in the fire C cycle and the earth system. We were unable to mechanistically model PyC mineralisation due to a paucity of observational constraints, meaning that without assuming steady state, one cannot know the sign of the full fire C balance. Constraining PyC mineralisation rates is a critical research frontier for fire science, and would enable fuller understanding of fire’s role in the planetary C-cycle, with implications for attendant land use and conservation policies. 

== Code access ==

* See the version on the webinterface here : https://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/browser/branches/publications/ORCHIDEE_Biochar
* Extract it on a terminal as follow, type anonymous as password: 
{{{
svn co --username anonymous svn://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/branches/publications/ORCHIDEE_Biochar ORCHIDEE
}}}

== Metadata ==

|| DOI ||  ||
|| Creator || Simon Bowring ||
|| Affiliation || ENS ||
|| Title || ORCHIDEE_Biochar ||
|| Publisher || Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) ||
|| //PublicationYear// || 2018 ||
|| //ResourceType//  || Software ||
|| //Rights// || This software is distributed under the CeCILL license ||
|| //rightsURI // || http://www.cecill.info/ ||
|| Subject || Land surface model, Soil organic matter, carbon isotopes ||
|| //DataManager// || Vincent Douet (IPSL) ||
|| //DataCurator// || Josefine Ghattas (IPSL) ||
|| //ContactPerson// || Simon Bowring (ENS) ||
|| //FundingReference// ||  ||