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Atmospheric forcing data for ORCHIDEE

ORCHIDEE needs several forcing data in order to run correctly. The number of requested data is dependant of the configuration used.

In On-Line mode, the data needed are related to soil texture and color. If the vegetation is prescribed, ORCHIDEE needs in addition a vegetation information defining the fraction of each PFT per gridcell. Vegetation types gathered in these vegetation maps can be either PFT or Holson categories.

In Off-Line mode, ORCHIDEE is forced by weather data based on observations or climate model reanalysis. Last, depending of the options activated within a run of ORCHIDEE, additional maps might be used for irrigation, slope for routing scheme, ...

1. Weather Data

1.0 General information

(a) ORCHIDEE accepts meteorological forcing files at different frequencies:

• high frequency meteorological files have a forcing step lower than or equal to six hours (most of the datasets below are 3-hourly or 6-hourly);
• daily files (for example ISI-MIP files);
• monthly files (see WG files below).

It is the role of the driver to inter/extrapolate timeseries of the forcing meteorological variables at the time step of ORCHIDEE (usually 30 min) based on the forcing dataset.

(b) Two versions of the driver are available to do do both the reading and the inter/extrapolation of the forcing datasets. They differ in the way they interpret the time at which the diffrent variables are read in the forcing dataset (further called the timestamp, while the interval refers to the period between two succesive timestamps):

• the old driver (src_driver/dim2driver), which assumes that scalar variables (Tair,Qair,Psurf) are instantaneous values at the timestamp, while flux variables (Rainf,Snowf, SWdown, LWdown) are mean values over the interval ending at the timestamp. The old driver also needs a forcing that has its first record at 0 UTC to work correctly.
• the new driver (src_driver/orchideedriver.f90) is more flexible and can normally deal with any temporal structure of the forcing datasets, provided the required attributes are inserted in the forcing files. This document Description_Forcing_Files.pdf​ provides detail of how forcing files need to be prepared. It addresses in particular the issues one may face when the fluxes are averaged and scalar variables instantaneous. The driver needs to take this into account else the diurnal cycle needs to be misplaced. Some data providers have different convention for representing averaged fluxes and this type of details matter.

A longer discussion on the differences between the two drivers (dated in 2016) can be found on ​https://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/wiki/Branches/Driver_Improvements.

(c) Usually, the forcing files are stored in the shared accounts in IGCM/SRF/METEO directory. The shared accounts are found:

• At TGCC: /ccc/work/cont003/dsm/p86ipsl/IGCM
• At IDRIS:
  • On the ada machine: /workgpfs/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM
  • On the ergon machine: /u/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM
• LSCE, obelix : /home/orchideeshare/igcmg/IGCM
• IPSL Ciclad : /prodigfs/ipslfs/igcmg/IGCM
• At the web by DODS : ​​http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg/IGCM

Some additional forcings not yet on the shared acount can be found at climserv/ciclad here : /bdd/ORCHIDEE_Forcing/BC/OOL/OL2

Read more about the shared accounts and IGCM repository here ​http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg_doc/wiki/DocBenvEcommonfiles

(d) Tips and script examples when building meteorological forcing files:

• Land compressed files:
  • The missing_value attribute is mandatory in forcing files containing only land points, with a value outside of the valid range of the variables, for example missing_value=1.e+20. In flinget_mat, the default value is set to 0, if this value is kept, oceanic points will be filled with it and treated as land points because 0. is a valid value for some fields (Qair) but ORCHIDEE will crash because it's not valid for others (PSurf), causing the usual problems in qsatcalc.
  • FORTRAN 90 script to create a land points only forcing file (use of the compress attribute) mk_grid.f90​

1.1 CRU-NCEP

The meteorological fields are generated by N. Viovy following the protocol described here: ​https://vesg.ipsl.upmc.fr/thredds/fileServer/store/p529viov/cruncep/readme.html
The standard files are produced using the python script "cruncep.py" made available by Bryce Nordgren here: ​https://github.com/bnordgren/pylsce

There are several versions of CRU-NCEP. All of them are compatible with the old driver.

CRU-NCEP / v7.2

v7.2 extends till 2016.
Contributor(s):

• original 0.5° files made by N. Viovy (2016/07)
• adaptation for use with the standard and new drivers and interpolation towards 1- and 2-degree resolutions made by F. Maignan (2017/06)

CRU-NCEP / v6.1

v6.1 is based on a new CRU version and extends till 2014.
For the next driver, it contains:

• added attributes for cell_methods,
• a corresponding new time axis,
• variables Height_Lev1 and Height_Levuv,
• attributes units and long_name for variables nav_lat and nav_lon.

Contributor(s):

• original 0.5° files made by N. Viovy (2015/07)
• adaptation for use with the standard and new drivers made by Y. Chao and F. Maignan (2015/07)

CRU-NCEP / v5.4

v5.4 contains the same data as v5.3.2 with:

• added attributes for cell_methods,
• a corresponding new time axis,
• variables Height_Lev1 and Height_Levuv,
• attributes units and long_name for variables nav_lat and nav_lon.

Contributor(s):

• adaptation for use with the new driver made by F. Maignan (2015/06)

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2013	113	6H		8 avril 2015		346 GB

CRU-NCEP / v5.3.2

The former version (5.3) had a problem on all years before 1948 with a loss of correlation between Tair and Qair.

Contributor(s):

• original 0.5° files made by N. Viovy (2015/04)
• standard driver 0.5° files made by Y. Chao (2015/04)
• standard driver 1° and 2° files made by F. Maignan (2015/04)

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2013	113	6H		8 avril 2015		346 GB
cruncep_onedeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x180	1901	2013	113	6H		8 avril 2015		359 GB
cruncep_twodeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2013	113	6H		8 avril 2015		90 GB

Archived CRU-NCEP versions:

Following versions have been removed from the syncronized repository. Contact the orchidee-help if you need one of these versions. They are archived at IDRIS/ergon.

CRU-NCEP / v5.3

This version is archived at IDRIS/ergon : /linkhome/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM_backup_2015-06-15/STORAGE/BC/OL2/CRU-NCEP

CAUTION: DO NOT USE ANYMORE: This version has a problem on all years before 1948 with a loss of correlation between Tair and Qair.

Contributor(s):

• original 0.5° files made by N. Viovy (2014/10)
• standard driver 0.5° files made by Y. Chao (2014/10)
• standard driver 1° and 2° files made by F. Maignan (2014/10)

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2013	113	6H		1 oct 2014		346 GB
cruncep_onedeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x180	1901	2013	113	6H		1 oct 2014		359 GB
cruncep_twodeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2013	113	6H		1 oct 2014		90 GB

CRU-NCEP / v5.2

This version is archived at IDRIS/ergon : /linkhome/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM_backup_2015-06-15/STORAGE/BC/OL2/CRU-NCEP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2012	112	6H		25 sept 2013		343 GB

CRU-NCEP / v5.2_2x2deg

This version is archived at IDRIS/ergon : /linkhome/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM_backup_2015-06-15/STORAGE/BC/OL2/CRU-NCEP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_yyyy_2x2.nc		-180:180; -90:90	180x90	1901	2012	112	6H		25 sept 2013		89 GB

CRU-NCEP / v2

This version is archived at IDRIS/ergon : /linkhome/rech/psl/rpsl035/IGCM_backup_2015-06-15/STORAGE/BC/OL2/CRU-NCEP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2010	110	6H		5 juin 2013		362 GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy_noleap.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1904	2008	27	6H		5 juin 2013		89 GB
cruncep_halfdeg_yyyy_leap.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1904	2008	27	6H		5 juin 2013		89 GB

Default is to use the noleap files (through symbolic links).

1.2 CRU

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
forceyyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2002	103	monthly		oct 2004		10.7 GB
forceyyyy_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901_1909	1994_2002	7	monthly		oct 2004

1.3 ERA_New_Global

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
ERA_Global_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	512x256	1979	2012	34	3H		22 juin 2013		437 GB

1.4 FLUXNET

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
IdSite_Fyear-Lyear.nc	eg. FR-LBr_1996-2006.nc	/	in-situ	site-specific			30minutes	​http://dods.ipsl.jussieu.fr/igcmg/IGCM/BC/OOL/OL2/FLUXNET/README.pdf		​http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/8/23/2015/essdd-8-23-2015.html	4Mo per year

The data have been prepared for all sites of the Free Access Fluxnet database (​http://www.fluxdata.org/DataInfo) as available in August, 2012 (~150 sites).

1.5 WFD_CRU

This data corresponds to the one described in the publication Weedon et al. 2011 (​http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2011JHM1369.1)

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFD_CRU_yyyy.nc	WFD_CRU	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2001	1000	3H		14 Nov 2014		592 GB

1.6 WFDEI_CRU

This data corresponds to the one described in the publication Weedon et al. 2014 (​http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014WR015638/abstract). Compared to WFD, WFDEI offers values in the 21st century owing the ERA-Intermin reanalysis.

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFDEI_CRU_yyyy.nc	WFDEI_CRU	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1979	2012	34	3H		8 April 2015		281 GB

As this data is based on the ERA-I re-analysis the fluxes are cumulated over the 3h period preceding the time-stamp. All other variables are instantaneous at the given date. This is now properly described by the cell_method data in the netCDF file.

1.7 WFDEI_GPCC

There are several versions of WFDEI_GPCC.

WFDEI_GPCC

This is the same atmospheric forcing as the one described above (1.6 WFDEI_CRU) except that rainfall is now corrected with the GPCC data : ​http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=T12404818261141645314319&_urlType=action&switchLang=en&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_datenzentren_wzn As this rainfall series is shorter, WFDEI_GPCC has fewer years than WFDEI_CRU.

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc	WFDEI_GPCC	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1979	2010	32	3H		8 April 2015		265 GB

WFDEI_GPCC/v1/noleap

This dataset is available in the shared accounts (IGCM/SRF/METEO directory).

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x300	1979	2009	31	3H		3 juin 2013		182 GB

The old driver (dim2driver) needs a forcing that has its first record at 0 UTC, in addition to instanteaneous "scalars" and fluxes as mean(end), to work correctly. The original WFDEI starts at 3UTC, and to make it compatible with with dim2driver, a lag of 3 hours has been introduced by Ben Poulter and Fabienne Maignan.

WFDEI_GPCC/v2/leap

This dataset is available in the shared accounts (IGCM/SRF/METEO directory).

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFDEI_GPCC_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1990	2011	33	3H		26 avril 2014		265 GB

NB: Year 2011 is incomplete.

The above shift has not been done here, and this forcing should only be used with the new driver (orchideedriver.f90).

1.8 Princeton Global Forcing (PGF)

This dataset is available in the shared accounts (IGCM/SRF/METEO/Princeton_GPCC/v1/1deg_3h directory).

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
PGF_GPCC_1deg_3h_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x180	1948	2010	63	3H		26 avril 2014		265 GB

1.9 ERA_05

This meteorological data set has been prepared by ECMWF in the framework of the Earth2Observe project : ​http://www.earth2observe.eu/

Using a simple bi-linear interpolation the data of the ERA-I re-analysis on the Gaussian grid (N128) output was projected to a regular lat/lon grid at 0.5deg resolution, without special consideration for the land/sea mask. It was thus considered, in consultation with Emanuel Dutra of ECMWF, that it was not unreasonable to use the same land/sea mask as WFDEI and hope that the atmospheric forcing on coastal points will not be too badly affected by the methodology.

The value of this forcing lies in its close relation to the ERA-I re-analysis and its extension to December 2014.

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
ERAI_yyyy.nc	ERAI_05	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1979	2014	36	3H		20 June 2015		293 GB

1.10 ERA_05_GPCP

This is the same forcing as ERA_05 except for the rainfall and snow fall from the re-analysis which were corrected with the GPCP estimates (​http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov/).

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
ERAI_GPCP_yyyy.nc	ERAI_05_GPCP	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1979	2014	36	3H		20 June 2015		298 GB

1.11 GSWP3

This forcing has been constructed for the GSWP3 experiment, cf. ​http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GSWP3/exp1.html#boundary-conditions. It is based on the 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) [Compo et al., 2011 ​http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GSWP3/refs.html#compo2011] at the global 2° resolution, dynamically downscaled into T248 (~0.5°). Several versions are available.

GSWP3v0 (ISIMIP2)

This dataset is available on ergon in /arch/home/rech/lmd/rlmd979/GSWP3_forcing/halfdeg_v1. It was prepared by Jinfeng Chang for the ISIMIP2 simulations, using the TRENDY land mask. It was also upscaled at the 1° resolution by Matthieu Guimberteau for the ORCHIDEE-MICT paper (​https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/121/2018/)

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
GSWP3_halfdeg_3h _yyyy.nc	GSWP3	-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1901	2007	107	3H		24 April 2016		5.5 GB/yr

GSWP3v1

This is the official v1 release of GSWP3. It covers 1901-2010 and is dated on 2017-06-01. The original files are 2D, and only the wind is not worldwide and can serve as a land mask). This dataset needs to be formatted for ORCHIDEE for :

• the LS3MIP off-line simulation (landhist at the resolution of the IPSL-CM6 climate model 144x143)
• the SP-MIP simulations at the 0.5°

2. Older Weather Data

These forcing data sets have been superseded by more recent re-analysis of meteorological observations and more complete meta-data have been included in the forcing file.

2.1 ISLSCP

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
islscp_for_1987.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x179	1987	1987	1	6H		28 jun 2005		1.1 GB

2.2 ISLSCP2

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
islscp_for_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x179	1982	1995	14	3H (6H for 1982)		28 jun 2005		19 GB

2.3 NCC

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
ncc_for_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	360x180	1948	2000	52	6H	​info	sept 2005	​ref	37 GB

2.4 NLDAS

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
orchidee_NLDAS_forcing_yyyymm.nc		-67:-24; 25:52	464x224	199701	200212	6	1H		mai 2008	197 GB

2.5 WFD3/annual

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WFD_yyyy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	720x360	1958	2001	44	3H		april 2010		300 GB

2.6 WG

Name		Spatial information		Temporal information				Web documentation			Size
Abbreviation	Full name	Coverage	Resolution	First year	Last year	Number of years	Resolution	Informations	Data download	References	GB
WG_yy.nc		-180:180; -90:90	320x160	79	93	15	1M		may 2007	20 MB
WG_CRU.nc (noleap)		-180:180; -90:90	720x360			1	1M		may 2007	37 GB