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source: branches/publications/ORCHIDEE_gmd-2018-261/src_parameters/constantes_var.f90 @ 8794

Last change on this file since 8794 was 4998, checked in by nicolas.vuichard, 7 years ago
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1	! =================================================================================================================================
2	! MODULE : constantes_var
3	!
4	! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ ipsl.jussieu.fr
5	!
6	! LICENCE : IPSL (2006)
7	! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC
8	!
9	!>\BRIEF constantes_var module contains most constantes like pi, Earth radius, etc...
10	!! and all externalized parameters except pft-dependent constants.
11	!!
12	!!\n DESCRIPTION: This module contains most constantes and the externalized parameters of ORCHIDEE which
13	!! are not pft-dependent.\n
14	!! In this module, you can set the flag diag_qsat in order to detect the pixel where the
15	!! temperature is out of range (look qsatcalc and dev_qsatcalc in qsat_moisture.f90).\n
16	!! The Earth radius is approximated by the Equatorial radius.The Earth's equatorial radius a,
17	!! or semi-major axis, is the distance from its center to the equator and equals 6,378.1370 km.
18	!! The equatorial radius is often used to compare Earth with other planets.\n
19	!! The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axe yielding
20	!! 6367.4491 km or less accurately by the quadratic mean of the two axes about 6,367.454 km
21	!! or even just the mean of the two axes about 6,367.445 km.\n
22	!! This module is already USE in module constantes. Therefor no need to USE it seperatly except
23	!! if the subroutines in module constantes are not needed.\n
24	!!
25	!! RECENT CHANGE(S):
26	!!
27	!! REFERENCE(S) :
28	!! - Louis, Jean-Francois (1979), A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere.
29	!! Boundary Layer Meteorology, 187-202.\n
30	!!
31	!! SVN :
32	!! $HeadURL: $
33	!! $Date$
34	!! $Revision$
35	!! \n
36	!_ ================================================================================================================================
37
38	MODULE constantes_var
39
40	USE defprec
41
42	IMPLICIT NONE
43	!-
44
45	!-----------------------!
46	! ORCHIDEE CONSTANTS !
47	!-----------------------!
48
49	!
50	! FLAGS
51	!
52	LOGICAL :: river_routing !! activate river routing
53	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(river_routing)
54	LOGICAL :: hydrol_cwrr !! activate 11 layers hydrolgy model
55	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(hydrol_cwrr)
56	LOGICAL :: do_floodplains !! activate flood plains
57	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(do_floodplains)
58	LOGICAL :: do_irrigation !! activate computation of irrigation flux
59	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(do_irrigation)
60	LOGICAL :: ok_sechiba !! activate physic of the model
61	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_sechiba)
62	LOGICAL :: ok_co2 !! activate photosynthesis
63	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_co2)
64	LOGICAL :: ok_stomate !! activate carbon cycle
65	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_stomate)
66	LOGICAL :: ok_ncycle !! activate nitrogen cycle
67	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_ncycle)
68	LOGICAL :: impose_cn !! impose the CN ratio of leaves
69	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_cn)
70	LOGICAL :: ok_dgvm !! activate dynamic vegetation
71	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_dgvm)
72	LOGICAL :: ok_pheno !! activate the calculation of lai using stomate rather than a prescription
73	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_pheno)
74	LOGICAL :: ok_bvoc !! activate biogenic volatile organic coumpounds
75	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_bvoc)
76	LOGICAL :: ok_leafage !! activate leafage
77	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_leafage)
78	LOGICAL :: ok_radcanopy !! use canopy radiative transfer model
79	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_radcanopy)
80	LOGICAL :: ok_multilayer !! use canopy radiative transfer model with multi-layers
81	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_multilayer)
82	LOGICAL :: ok_pulse_NOx !! calculate NOx emissions with pulse
83	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_pulse_NOx)
84	LOGICAL :: ok_bbgfertil_NOx !! calculate NOx emissions with bbg fertilizing effect
85	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_bbgfertil_NOx)
86	LOGICAL :: ok_cropsfertil_NOx !! calculate NOx emissions with fertilizers use
87	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_cropsfertil_NOx)
88
89	LOGICAL :: ok_co2bvoc_poss !! CO2 inhibition on isoprene activated following Possell et al. (2005) model
90	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_co2bvoc_poss)
91	LOGICAL :: ok_co2bvoc_wilk !! CO2 inhibition on isoprene activated following Wilkinson et al. (2006) model
92	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_co2bvoc_wilk)
93
94	LOGICAL, SAVE :: OFF_LINE_MODE = .FALSE. !! ORCHIDEE detects if it is coupled with a GCM or
95	!! just use with one driver in OFF-LINE. (true/false)
96	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(OFF_LINE_MODE)
97	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impose_param = .TRUE. !! Flag impos_param : read all the parameters in the run.def file
98	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_param)
99	CHARACTER(LEN=80), SAVE :: restname_in = 'NONE' !! Input Restart files name for Sechiba component
100	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(restname_in)
101	CHARACTER(LEN=80), SAVE :: restname_out = 'sechiba_rest_out.nc' !! Output Restart files name for Sechiba component
102	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(restname_out)
103	CHARACTER(LEN=80), SAVE :: stom_restname_in = 'NONE' !! Input Restart files name for Stomate component
104	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(stom_restname_in)
105	CHARACTER(LEN=80), SAVE :: stom_restname_out = 'stomate_rest_out.nc' !! Output Restart files name for Stomate component
106	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(stom_restname_out)
107	INTEGER, SAVE :: printlev=1 !! Standard level for text output [0, 1, 2, 3]
108	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(printlev)
109
110	!
111	! TIME
112	!
113	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: one_day !! One day in seconds (s)
114	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(one_day)
115	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: one_year !! One year in days
116	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(one_year)
117	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: one_hour = 3600.0 !! One hour in seconds (s)
118	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: spring_days_max = 40 !! Maximum number of days during which we watch for possible spring frost damage
119
120	! TIME STEP
121	REAL(r_std) :: dt_sechiba !! Time step in sechiba
122	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dt_sechiba)
123	REAL(r_std) :: dt_stomate !! Time step in stomate
124	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dt_stomate)
125
126	!
127	! SPECIAL VALUES
128	!
129	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: undef_int = 999999999 !! undef integer for integer arrays (unitless)
130	!-
131	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: val_exp = 999999. !! Specific value if no restart value (unitless)
132	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(val_exp)
133	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: undef = -9999. !! Special value for stomate (unitless)
134
135	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: min_sechiba = 1.E-8_r_std !! Epsilon to detect a near zero floating point (unitless)
136	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: undef_sechiba = 1.E+20_r_std !! The undef value used in SECHIBA (unitless)
137
138	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: min_stomate = 1.E-8_r_std !! Epsilon to detect a near zero floating point (unitless)
139	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: large_value = 1.E33_r_std !! some large value (for stomate) (unitless)
140
141
142	!
143	! DIMENSIONING AND INDICES PARAMETERS
144	!
145	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ibare_sechiba = 1 !! Index for bare soil in Sechiba (unitless)
146	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ivis = 1 !! index for albedo in visible range (unitless)
147	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: inir = 2 !! index for albeod i near-infrared range (unitless)
148	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nnobio = 1 !! Number of other surface types: land ice (lakes,cities, ...) (unitless)
149	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iice = 1 !! Index for land ice (see nnobio) (unitless)
150	!-
151	!! Soil
152	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: classnb = 9 !! Levels of soil colour classification (unitless)
153	!-
154	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nleafages = 4 !! leaf age discretisation ( 1 = no discretisation )(unitless)
155	!-
156	!! litter fractions: indices (unitless)
157	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ileaf = 1 !! Index for leaf compartment (unitless)
158	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: isapabove = 2 !! Index for sapwood above compartment (unitless)
159	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: isapbelow = 3 !! Index for sapwood below compartment (unitless)
160	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iheartabove = 4 !! Index for heartwood above compartment (unitless)
161	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iheartbelow = 5 !! Index for heartwood below compartment (unitless)
162	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iroot = 6 !! Index for roots compartment (unitless)
163	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ifruit = 7 !! Index for fruits compartment (unitless)
164	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: icarbres = 8 !! Index for reserve compartment (unitless)
165	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ilabile = 9 !! Index for reserve compartment (unitless)
166	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nparts = 9 !! Number of biomass compartments (unitless)
167	!-
168	!! indices for assimilation parameters
169	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ivcmax = 1 !! Index for vcmax (assimilation parameters) (unitless)
170	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: inue = 2 !! Index for nue (assimilationbn parameters) (unitless)
171	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ileafN = 3 !! Index for leaf N (assimilationbn parameters) (unitless)
172	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: npco2 = 3 !! Number of assimilation parameters (unitless)
173	!-
174	!! trees and litter: indices for the parts of heart-
175	!! and sapwood above and below the ground
176	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iabove = 1 !! Index for above part (unitless)
177	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ibelow = 2 !! Index for below part (unitless)
178	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nlevs = 2 !! Number of levels for trees and litter (unitless)
179	!-
180	!! litter: indices for metabolic and structural part
181	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imetabolic = 1 !! Index for metabolic litter (unitless)
182	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: istructural = 2 !! Index for structural litter (unitless)
183	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iwoody = 3 !! Index for woody litter (unitless)
184	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nlitt = 3 !! Number of levels for litter compartments (unitless)
185	!-
186	!! carbon pools: indices
187	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iactive = 1 !! Index for active carbon pool (unitless)
188	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: islow = 2 !! Index for slow carbon pool (unitless)
189	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ipassive = 3 !! Index for passive carbon pool (unitless)
190	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: isurface = 4 !! Index for passive carbon pool (unitless)
191	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ncarb = 4 !! Number of soil carbon pools (unitless)
192	!-
193	!! For isotopes and nitrogen
194	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nelements = 2 !! Number of isotopes considered
195	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: icarbon = 1 !! Index for carbon
196	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: initrogen = 2 !! Index for nitrogen
197	!! N-cycle : indices
198	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iammonium = 1 !! Index for Ammonium
199	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: initrate = 2 !! Index for Nitrate
200	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: inox = 3 !! Index for NOX
201	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: initrous = 4 !! Index for N2O
202	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: idinitro = 5 !! Index for N2
203	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nionspec = 2 !! Number of ionics form considered (ammonium, nitrate)
204	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nnspec = 5 !! Number of N-species considered
205
206	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iatm_ammo = 1 !! Index for N input from Ammonium N atmospheric deposition
207	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iatm_nitr = 2 !! Index for N input from Nitrate N atmospheric deposition
208	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ibnf = 3 !! Index for N input from BNF
209	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ifert = 4 !! Index for N input from Fertilisation
210	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imanure = 5 !! Index for N input from Manure
211	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ninput = 5 !! Number of N-input considered
212
213
214	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_nh4_to_no3 = 1 !! Index for NO3 production
215	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_nh4_to_no = 2 !! Index for NO production
216	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_nh4_to_n2o = 3 !! Index for N2O production
217
218	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_no3_to_nox = 1 !! Index for NO3 consumption
219	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_nox_to_n2o = 2 !! Index for NO/Nox consumption
220	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: i_n2o_to_n2 = 3 !! Index for N2O consumption
221
222
223	!
224	!! Indices used for analytical spin-up
225	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbpools = 10 !! Total number of carbon pools (unitless)
226	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: istructural_above = 1 !! Index for structural litter above (unitless)
227	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: istructural_below = 2 !! Index for structural litter below (unitless)
228	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imetabolic_above = 3 !! Index for metabolic litter above (unitless)
229	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imetabolic_below = 4 !! Index for metabolic litter below (unitless)
230	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iwoody_above = 5 !! Index for woody litter above (unitless)
231	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iwoody_below = 6 !! Index for woody litter below (unitless)
232	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iactive_pool = 7 !! Index for active carbon pool (unitless)
233	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: islow_pool = 8 !! Index for slow carbon pool (unitless)
234	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ipassive_pool = 9 !! Index for passive carbon pool (unitless)
235	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: isurface_pool = 10 !! Index for surface carbon pool (unitless)
236
237
238	!
239	! NUMERICAL AND PHYSICS CONSTANTS
240	!
241	!
242
243	!-
244	! 1. Mathematical and numerical constants
245	!-
246	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: pi = 3.141592653589793238 !! pi souce : http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Pi.html (unitless)
247	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: euler = 2.71828182845904523 !! e source : http://mathworld.wolfram.com/e.html (unitless)
248	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: zero = 0._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 0 (unitless)
249	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: undemi = 0.5_r_std !! Numerical constant set to 1/2 (unitless)
250	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: un = 1._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 1 (unitless)
251	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: moins_un = -1._r_std !! Numerical constant set to -1 (unitless)
252	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: deux = 2._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 2 (unitless)
253	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: trois = 3._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 3 (unitless)
254	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: quatre = 4._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 4 (unitless)
255	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cinq = 5._r_std !![DISPENSABLE] Numerical constant set to 5 (unitless)
256	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: six = 6._r_std !![DISPENSABLE] Numerical constant set to 6 (unitless)
257	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: huit = 8._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 8 (unitless)
258	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: mille = 1000._r_std !! Numerical constant set to 1000 (unitless)
259
260	!-
261	! 2 . Physics
262	!-
263	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: R_Earth = 6378000. !! radius of the Earth : Earth radius ~= Equatorial radius (m)
264	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: mincos = 0.0001 !! Minimum cosine value used for interpolation (unitless)
265	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: pb_std = 1013. !! standard pressure (hPa)
266	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: ZeroCelsius = 273.15 !! 0 degre Celsius in degre Kelvin (K)
267	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: tp_00 = 273.15 !! 0 degre Celsius in degre Kelvin (K)
268	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: chalsu0 = 2.8345E06 !! Latent heat of sublimation (J.kg^{-1})
269	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: chalev0 = 2.5008E06 !! Latent heat of evaporation (J.kg^{-1})
270	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: chalfu0 = chalsu0-chalev0 !! Latent heat of fusion (J.kg^{-1})
271	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: c_stefan = 5.6697E-8 !! Stefan-Boltzman constant (W.m^{-2}.K^{-4})
272	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cp_air = 1004.675 !! Specific heat of dry air (J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1})
273	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cte_molr = 287.05 !! Specific constant of dry air (kg.mol^{-1})
274	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: kappa = cte_molr/cp_air !! Kappa : ratio between specific constant and specific heat
275	!! of dry air (unitless)
276	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: msmlr_air = 28.964E-03 !! Molecular weight of dry air (kg.mol^{-1})
277	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: msmlr_h2o = 18.02E-03 !! Molecular weight of water vapor (kg.mol^{-1})
278	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cp_h2o = & !! Specific heat of water vapor (J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1})
279	& cp_air(quatremsmlr_air)/( 3.5_r_std*msmlr_h2o)
280	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cte_molr_h2o = cte_molr/quatre !! Specific constant of water vapor (J.kg^{-1}.K^{-1})
281	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: retv = msmlr_air/msmlr_h2o-un !! Ratio between molecular weight of dry air and water
282	!! vapor minus 1(unitless)
283	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: rvtmp2 = cp_h2o/cp_air-un !! Ratio between specific heat of water vapor and dry air
284	!! minus 1 (unitless)
285	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cepdu2 = (0.1_r_std)**2 !! Squared wind shear (m^2.s^{-2})
286	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: ct_karman = 0.41_r_std !! Van Karmann Constant (unitless)
287	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cte_grav = 9.80665_r_std !! Acceleration of the gravity (m.s^{-2})
288	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: pa_par_hpa = 100._r_std !! Transform pascal into hectopascal (unitless)
289	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: RR = 8.314 !! Ideal gas constant (J.mol^{-1}.K^{-1})
290	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: Sct = 1370. !! Solar constant (W.m^{-2})
291
292
293	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: testpft = 6
294	!-
295	! 3. Climatic constants
296	!-
297	!! Constantes of the Louis scheme
298	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: cb = 5._r_std !! Constant of the Louis scheme (unitless);
299	!! reference to Louis (1979)
300	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cb)
301	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: cc = 5._r_std !! Constant of the Louis scheme (unitless);
302	!! reference to Louis (1979)
303	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cc)
304	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: cd = 5._r_std !! Constant of the Louis scheme (unitless);
305	!! reference to Louis (1979)
306	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cd)
307	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: rayt_cste = 125. !! Constant in the computation of surface resistance (W.m^{-2})
308	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(rayt_cste)
309	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: defc_plus = 23.E-3 !! Constant in the computation of surface resistance (K.W^{-1})
310	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(defc_plus)
311	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: defc_mult = 1.5 !! Constant in the computation of surface resistance (K.W^{-1})
312	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(defc_mult)
313
314	!-
315	! 4. Soil thermodynamics constants
316	!-
317	! Look at constantes_soil.f90
318
319
320	!
321	! OPTIONAL PARTS OF THE MODEL
322	!
323	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: diag_qsat = .TRUE. !! One of the most frequent problems is a temperature out of range
324	!! we provide here a way to catch that in the calling procedure.
325	!! (from Jan Polcher)(true/false)
326	LOGICAL, SAVE :: almaoutput =.FALSE. !! Selects the type of output for the model.(true/false)
327	!! Value is read from run.def in intersurf_history
328	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(almaoutput)
329
330	!
331	! DIVERSE
332	!
333	CHARACTER(LEN=100), SAVE :: stomate_forcing_name='NONE' !! NV080800 Name of STOMATE forcing file (unitless)
334	! Compatibility with Nicolas Viovy driver.
335	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(stomate_forcing_name)
336	CHARACTER(LEN=100), SAVE :: stomate_Cforcing_name='NONE' !! NV080800 Name of soil forcing file (unitless)
337	! Compatibility with Nicolas Viovy driver.
338	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(stomate_Cforcing_name)
339	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: forcing_id !! Index of the forcing file (unitless)
340	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(forcing_id)
341	LOGICAL, SAVE :: allow_forcing_write=.TRUE. !! Allow writing of stomate_forcing file.
342	!! This variable will be set to false for teststomate.
343
344
345
346	!------------------------!
347	! SECHIBA PARAMETERS !
348	!------------------------!
349
350
351	!
352	! GLOBAL PARAMETERS
353	!
354	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_wind = 0.1 !! The minimum wind (m.s^{-1})
355	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_wind)
356	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: snowcri = 1.5 !! Sets the amount above which only sublimation occures (kg.m^{-2})
357	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(snowcri)
358
359
360	!
361	! FLAGS ACTIVATING SUB-MODELS
362	!
363	LOGICAL, SAVE :: treat_expansion = .FALSE. !! Do we treat PFT expansion across a grid point after introduction? (true/false)
364	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(treat_expansion)
365	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_herbivores = .FALSE. !! flag to activate herbivores (true/false)
366	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_herbivores)
367	LOGICAL, SAVE :: harvest_agri = .TRUE. !! flag to harvest aboveground biomass from agricultural PFTs)(true/false)
368	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(harvest_agri)
369	LOGICAL, SAVE :: lpj_gap_const_mort !! constant moratlity (true/false). Default value depend on OK_DGVM.
370	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(lpj_gap_const_mort)
371	LOGICAL, SAVE :: disable_fire = .FALSE. !! flag that disable fire (true/false)
372	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(disable_fire)
373	LOGICAL, SAVE :: spinup_analytic = .FALSE. !! Flag to activate analytical resolution for spinup (true/false)
374	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(spinup_analytic)
375	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_explicitsnow !! Flag to activate explicit snow scheme instead of default snow scheme
376	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_explicitsnow)
377
378	!
379	! CONFIGURATION VEGETATION
380	!
381	LOGICAL, SAVE :: agriculture = .TRUE. !! allow agricultural PFTs (true/false)
382	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(agriculture)
383	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impveg = .FALSE. !! Impose vegetation ? (true/false)
384	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impveg)
385	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impsoilt = .FALSE. !! Impose soil ? (true/false)
386	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impsoilt)
387	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impose_ninput_dep = .FALSE. !! Impose N input values ? (true/false)
388	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_ninput_dep)
389	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impose_ninput_fert = .FALSE. !! Impose N input values ? (true/false)
390	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_ninput_fert)
391	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impose_ninput_manure = .FALSE. !! Impose N input values ? (true/false)
392	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_ninput_manure)
393	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impose_ninput_bnf = .FALSE. !! Impose N input values ? (true/false)
394	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impose_ninput_bnf)
395
396	LOGICAL, SAVE :: do_now_stomate_lcchange = .FALSE. !! Time to call lcchange in stomate_lpj
397	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(do_now_stomate_lcchange)
398	LOGICAL, SAVE :: done_stomate_lcchange = .FALSE. !! If true, call lcchange in stomate_lpj has just been done.
399	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(done_stomate_lcchange)
400	LOGICAL, SAVE :: read_lai = .FALSE. !! Flag to read a map of LAI if STOMATE is not activated (true/false)
401	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(read_lai)
402	LOGICAL, SAVE :: map_pft_format = .TRUE. !! Read a land use vegetation map on PFT format (true/false)
403	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(map_pft_format)
404	LOGICAL, SAVE :: veget_reinit = .TRUE. !! To change LAND USE file in a run. (true/false)
405	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(veget_reinit)
406	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ninput_reinit = .TRUE. !! To change N INPUT file in a run. (true/false)
407	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ninput_reinit)
408
409	!
410	! PARAMETERS USED BY BOTH HYDROLOGY MODELS
411	!
412	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: max_snow_age = 50._r_std !! Maximum period of snow aging (days)
413	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(max_snow_age)
414	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: snow_trans = 0.2_r_std !! Transformation time constant for snow (m), reduced from the value 0.3 (04/07/2016)
415	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(snow_trans)
416	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sneige !! Lower limit of snow amount (kg.m^{-2})
417	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sneige)
418	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: maxmass_snow = 3000. !! The maximum mass of snow (kg.m^{-2})
419	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(maxmass_snow)
420
421	!! Heat capacity
422	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: capa_ice = 2.228*1.E3 !! Heat capacity of ice (J/kg/K)
423	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_capa_ice !! Heat capacity of saturated frozen soil (J/K/m3)
424	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_capa_ice)
425	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: rho_water = 1000. !! Density of water (kg/m3)
426	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: rho_ice = 920. !! Density of ice (kg/m3)
427
428	!! Thermal conductivities
429	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cond_water = 0.6 !! Thermal conductivity of liquid water (W/m/K)
430	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cond_ice = 2.2 !! Thermal conductivity of ice (W/m/K)
431	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: cond_solid = 2.32 !! Thermal conductivity of mineral soil particles (W/m/K)
432
433	!! Time constant of long-term soil humidity (s)
434	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: lhf = 0.3336*1.E6 !! Latent heat of fusion (J/kg)
435
436	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nsnow=3 !! Number of levels in the snow for explicit snow scheme
437	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XMD = 28.9644E-3
438	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XBOLTZ = 1.380658E-23
439	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XAVOGADRO = 6.0221367E+23
440	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XRD = XAVOGADRO * XBOLTZ / XMD
441	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XCPD = 7.* XRD /2.
442	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: phigeoth = 0.057 ! 0. DKtest
443	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: thick_min_snow = .01
444
445	!! The maximum snow density and water holding characterisicts
446	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: xrhosmax = 750. ! (kg m-3)
447	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: xwsnowholdmax1 = 0.03 ! (-)
448	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: xwsnowholdmax2 = 0.10 ! (-)
449	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: xsnowrhohold = 200.0 ! (kg/m3)
450	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: xrhosmin = 50.
451	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: xci = 2.106e+3
452	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: xrv = 6.0221367e+23 * 1.380658e-23 /18.0153e-3
453
454	!! ISBA-ES Critical snow depth at which snow grid thicknesses constant
455	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: xsnowcritd = 0.03 ! (m)
456
457	!! The threshold of snow depth used for preventing numerical problem in thermal calculations
458	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: snowcritd_thermal = 0.01 ! (m)
459
460	!! ISBA-ES CROCUS (Pahaut 1976): snowfall density coefficients:
461	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: snowfall_a_sn = 109.0 !! (kg/m3)
462	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: snowfall_b_sn = 6.0 !! (kg/m3/K)
463	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: snowfall_c_sn = 26.0 !! [kg/(m7/2 s1/2)]
464
465	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: dgrain_new_max= 2.0e-4!! (m) : Maximum grain size of new snowfall
466
467	!! Used in explicitsnow to prevent numerical problems as snow becomes vanishingly thin.
468	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: psnowdzmin = .0001 ! m
469	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: xsnowdmin = .000001 ! m
470
471	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: ph2o = 1000. !! Water density [kg/m3]
472
473	! ISBA-ES Thermal conductivity coefficients from Anderson (1976):
474	! see Boone, Meteo-France/CNRM Note de Centre No. 70 (2002)
475	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWTHRMCOND1 = 0.02 ! [W/m/K]
476	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWTHRMCOND2 = 2.5E-6 ! [W m5/(kg2 K)]
477
478	! ISBA-ES Thermal conductivity: Implicit vapor diffn effects
479	! (sig only for new snow OR high altitudes)
480	! from Sun et al. (1999): based on data from Jordan (1991)
481	! see Boone, Meteo-France/CNRM Note de Centre No. 70 (2002)
482	!
483	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWTHRMCOND_AVAP = -0.06023 ! (W/m/K)
484	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWTHRMCOND_BVAP = -2.5425 ! (W/m)
485	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWTHRMCOND_CVAP = -289.99 ! (K)
486
487	REAL(r_std),SAVE :: xansmax = 0.85 !! Maxmimum snow albedo
488	REAL(r_std),SAVE :: xansmin = 0.50 !! Miniumum snow albedo
489	REAL(r_std),SAVE :: xans_todry = 0.008 !! Albedo decay rate for dry snow
490	REAL(r_std),SAVE :: xans_t = 0.240 !! Albedo decay rate for wet snow
491
492	! ISBA-ES Thermal conductivity coefficients from Anderson (1976):
493	! see Boone, Meteo-France/CNRM Note de Centre No. 70 (2002)
494	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: XP00 = 1.E5
495
496	! ISBA-ES Thermal conductivity: Implicit vapor diffn effects
497	! (sig only for new snow OR high altitudes)
498	! from Sun et al. (1999): based on data from Jordan (1991)
499	! see Boone, Meteo-France/CNRM Note de Centre No. 70 (2002)
500	!
501	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_RHOD = 150.0 !! (kg/m3)
502	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_ACM = 2.8e-6 !! (1/s)
503	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_BCM = 0.04 !! (1/K)
504	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_CCM = 460. !! (m3/kg)
505	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_V0 = 3.7e7 !! (Pa/s)
506	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_VT = 0.081 !! (1/K)
507	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ZSNOWCMPCT_VR = 0.018 !! (m3/kg)
508
509	!
510	! BVOC : Biogenic activity for each age class
511	!
512	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(nleafages) :: iso_activity = (/0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 0.5/) !! Biogenic activity for each
513	!! age class : isoprene (unitless)
514	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(iso_activity)
515	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(nleafages) :: methanol_activity = (/1., 1., 0.5, 0.5/) !! Biogenic activity for each
516	!! age class : methanol (unnitless)
517	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(methanol_activity)
518
519	!
520	! condveg.f90
521	!
522
523	! 1. Scalar
524
525	! 1.1 Flags used inside the module
526
527	LOGICAL, SAVE :: alb_bare_model = .FALSE. !! Switch for choosing values of bare soil
528	!! albedo (see header of subroutine)
529	!! (true/false)
530	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alb_bare_model)
531	LOGICAL, SAVE :: alb_bg_modis = .FALSE. !! Switch for choosing values of bare soil
532	!! albedo read from file
533	!! (true/false)
534	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alb_bg_modis)
535	LOGICAL, SAVE :: impaze = .FALSE. !! Switch for choosing surface parameters
536	!! (see header of subroutine).
537	!! (true/false)
538	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(impaze)
539	LOGICAL, SAVE :: rough_dyn = .FALSE. !! Chooses between two methods to calculate the
540	!! the roughness height : static or dynamic (varying with LAI)
541	!! (true/false)
542	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(rough_dyn)
543
544	LOGICAL, SAVE :: sla_dyn = .FALSE. !! Chooses between two methods to calculate the
545	!! specific leaf area: static or dynamic (varying with LAI or biomass)
546	!! (true/false)
547	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sla_dyn)
548
549	LOGICAL, SAVE :: new_watstress = .FALSE.
550	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(new_watstress)
551
552	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: alpha_watstress = 1.
553	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alpha_watstress)
554
555	! 1.2 Others
556
557	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: height_displacement = 0.66 !! Factor to calculate the zero-plane displacement
558	!! height from vegetation height (m)
559	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(height_displacement)
560	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: z0_bare = 0.01 !! bare soil roughness length (m)
561	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(z0_bare)
562	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: z0_ice = 0.001 !! ice roughness length (m)
563	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(z0_ice)
564	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tcst_snowa = 10.0 !! Time constant of the albedo decay of snow (days), increased from the value 5.0 (04/07/2016)
565	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tcst_snowa)
566	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: snowcri_alb = 10. !! Critical value for computation of snow albedo (cm)
567	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(snowcri_alb)
568	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fixed_snow_albedo = undef_sechiba !! To choose a fixed snow albedo value (unitless)
569	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fixed_snow_albedo)
570	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: z0_scal = 0.15 !! Surface roughness height imposed (m)
571	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(z0_scal)
572	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: roughheight_scal = zero !! Effective roughness Height depending on zero-plane
573	!! displacement height (m) (imposed)
574	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(roughheight_scal)
575	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: emis_scal = 1.0 !! Surface emissivity imposed (unitless)
576	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(emis_scal)
577
578	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: c1 = 0.32 !! Constant used in the formulation of the ratio of
579	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(c1) !! friction velocity to the wind speed at the canopy top
580	!! see Ershadi et al. (2015) for more info
581	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: c2 = 0.264 !! Constant used in the formulation of the ratio of
582	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(c2) !! friction velocity to the wind speed at the canopy top
583	!! see Ershadi et al. (2015) for more info
584	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: c3 = 15.1 !! Constant used in the formulation of the ratio of
585	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(c3) !! friction velocity to the wind speed at the canopy top
586	!! see Ershadi et al. (2015) for more info
587	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Cdrag_foliage = 0.2 !! Drag coefficient of the foliage
588	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Cdrag_foliage) !! See Ershadi et al. (2015) and Su et. al (2001) for more info
589	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Ct = 0.01 !! Heat transfer coefficient of the leaf
590	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Ct) !! See Ershadi et al. (2015) and Su et. al (2001) for more info
591	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Prandtl = 0.71 !! Prandtl number used in the calculation of Ct_star
592	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Prandtl) !! See Su et. al (2001) for more info
593
594
595
596	! 2. Arrays
597
598	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: alb_deadleaf = (/ .12, .35/) !! albedo of dead leaves, VIS+NIR (unitless)
599	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alb_deadleaf)
600	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: alb_ice = (/ .60, .20/) !! albedo of ice, VIS+NIR (unitless)
601	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alb_ice)
602	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: albedo_scal = (/ 0.25, 0.25 /) !! Albedo values for visible and near-infrared
603	!! used imposed (unitless)
604	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(albedo_scal)
605	REAL(r_std) , SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: vis_dry = (/0.24,&
606	&0.22, 0.20, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12, 0.10, 0.27/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
607	!! dry soil albedo values in visible range
608	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(vis_dry)
609	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: nir_dry = (/0.48,&
610	&0.44, 0.40, 0.36, 0.32, 0.28, 0.24, 0.20, 0.55/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
611	!! dry soil albedo values in near-infrared range
612	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nir_dry)
613	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: vis_wet = (/0.12,&
614	&0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.15/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
615	!! wet soil albedo values in visible range
616	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(vis_wet)
617	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: nir_wet = (/0.24,&
618	&0.22, 0.20, 0.18, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12, 0.10, 0.31/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
619	!! wet soil albedo values in near-infrared range
620	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nir_wet)
621	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: albsoil_vis = (/ &
622	&0.18, 0.16, 0.16, 0.15, 0.12, 0.105, 0.09, 0.075, 0.25/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
623	!! Averaged of wet and dry soil albedo values
624	!! in visible and near-infrared range
625	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(albsoil_vis)
626	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(classnb) :: albsoil_nir = (/ &
627	&0.36, 0.34, 0.34, 0.33, 0.30, 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.45/) !! Soil albedo values to soil colour classification:
628	!! Averaged of wet and dry soil albedo values
629	!! in visible and near-infrared range
630	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(albsoil_nir)
631
632	!
633	! diffuco.f90
634	!
635
636	! 0. Constants
637
638	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: Tetens_1 = 0.622 !! Ratio between molecular weight of water vapor and molecular weight
639	!! of dry air (unitless)
640	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: Tetens_2 = 0.378 !!
641	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: ratio_H2O_to_CO2 = 1.6 !! Ratio of water vapor diffusivity to the CO2 diffusivity (unitless)
642	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: mol_to_m_1 = 0.0244 !!
643	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: RG_to_PAR = 0.5 !!
644	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: W_to_mol = 4.6 !! W_to_mmol * RG_to_PAR = 2.3
645
646	! 1. Scalar
647
648	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: nlai = 20 !! Number of LAI levels (unitless)
649	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nlai)
650	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ldq_cdrag_from_gcm = .FALSE. !! Set to .TRUE. if you want q_cdrag coming from GCM
651	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ldq_cdrag_from_gcm)
652	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: laimax = 12. !! Maximal LAI used for splitting LAI into N layers (m^2.m^{-2})
653	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(laimax)
654	LOGICAL, SAVE :: downregulation_co2 = .FALSE. !! Set to .TRUE. if you want CO2 downregulation.
655	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(downregulation_co2)
656	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: downregulation_co2_baselevel = 280. !! CO2 base level (ppm)
657	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(downregulation_co2_baselevel)
658
659	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gb_ref = 1./25. !! Leaf bulk boundary layer resistance (s m-1)
660
661	! 3. Coefficients of equations
662
663	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: lai_level_depth = 0.15 !!
664	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(lai_level_depth)
665	!
666	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(6) :: dew_veg_poly_coeff = & !! coefficients of the 5 degree polynomomial used
667	& (/ 0.887773, 0.205673, 0.110112, 0.014843, 0.000824, 0.000017 /) !! in the equation of coeff_dew_veg
668	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dew_veg_poly_coeff)
669	!
670	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Oi=210000. !! Intercellular oxygen partial pressure (ubar)
671	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Oi)
672	!
673	! slowproc.f90
674	!
675
676	! 1. Scalar
677
678	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: veget_year_orig = 0 !! first year for landuse (number)
679	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(veget_year_orig)
680	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: ninput_year_orig = 0 !! first year for N inputs (number)
681	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ninput_year_orig)
682	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ninput_suffix_year = .FALSE. !! Do the Ninput datasets have a 'year' suffix ? (y/n)
683	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ninput_suffix_year)
684	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: clayfraction_default = 0.2 !! Default value for clay fraction (0-1, unitless)
685	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(clayfraction_default)
686	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: siltfraction_default = 0.5 !! Default value for silt fraction (0-1, unitless)
687	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(siltfraction_default)
688	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bulk_default = 1000 !! Default value for bulk density of soil (kg/m3)
689	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bulk_default)
690	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ph_default = 5.5 !! Default value for pH of soil (-)
691	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ph_default)
692	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_vegfrac = 0.001 !! Minimal fraction of mesh a vegetation type can occupy (0-1, unitless)
693	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_vegfrac)
694	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_nobio_fixed_test_1 = 0.0 !! Value for frac_nobio for tests in 0-dim simulations (0-1, unitless)
695	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_nobio_fixed_test_1)
696
697	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: stempdiag_bid = 280. !! only needed for an initial LAI if there is no restart file
698	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(stempdiag_bid)
699
700
701	!-----------------------------!
702	! STOMATE AND LPJ PARAMETERS !
703	!-----------------------------!
704
705
706	!
707	! lpj_constraints.f90
708	!
709
710	! 1. Scalar
711
712	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: too_long = 5. !! longest sustainable time without
713	!! regeneration (vernalization) (years)
714	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(too_long)
715
716
717	!
718	! lpj_establish.f90
719	!
720
721	! 1. Scalar
722
723	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: estab_max_tree = 0.12 !! Maximum tree establishment rate (0-1, unitless)
724	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(estab_max_tree)
725	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: estab_max_grass = 0.12 !! Maximum grass establishment rate (0-1, unitless)
726	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(estab_max_grass)
727
728	! 3. Coefficients of equations
729
730	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: establish_scal_fact = 5. !!
731	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(establish_scal_fact)
732	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: max_tree_coverage = 0.98 !! (0-1, unitless)
733	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(max_tree_coverage)
734	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ind_0_estab = 0.2 !! = ind_0 * 10.
735	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ind_0_estab)
736
737
738	!
739	! lpj_fire.f90
740	!
741
742	! 1. Scalar
743
744	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_fire = 30. !! Time scale for memory of the fire index (days).
745	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_fire)
746	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: litter_crit = 200. !! Critical litter quantity for fire
747	!! below which iginitions extinguish
748	!! @tex $(gC m^{-2})$ @endtex
749	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(litter_crit)
750	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fire_resist_lignin = 0.5 !!
751	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fire_resist_lignin)
752	! 2. Arrays
753
754	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(nparts) :: co2frac = & !! The fraction of the different biomass
755	& (/ .95, .95, 0., 0.3, 0., 0., .95, .95, .95 /) !! compartments emitted to the atmosphere
756	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(co2frac) !! when burned (unitless, 0-1)
757
758	! 3. Coefficients of equations
759
760	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(3) :: bcfrac_coeff = (/ .3, 1.3, 88.2 /) !! (unitless)
761	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bcfrac_coeff)
762	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(4) :: firefrac_coeff = (/ 0.45, 0.8, 0.6, 0.13 /) !! (unitless)
763	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firefrac_coeff)
764
765	!
766	! lpj_gap.f90
767	!
768
769	! 1. Scalar
770
771	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ref_greff = 0.035 !! Asymptotic maximum mortality rate
772	!! @tex $(year^{-1})$ @endtex
773	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ref_greff)
774
775	!
776	! lpj_light.f90
777	!
778
779	! 1. Scalar
780
781	LOGICAL, SAVE :: annual_increase = .TRUE. !! for diagnosis of fpc increase, compare today's fpc to last year's maximum (T) or
782	!! to fpc of last time step (F)? (true/false)
783	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(annual_increase)
784	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_cover = 0.05 !! For trees, minimum fraction of crown area occupied
785	!! (due to its branches etc.) (0-1, unitless)
786	!! This means that only a small fraction of its crown area
787	!! can be invaded by other trees.
788	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_cover)
789	!
790	! lpj_pftinout.f90
791	!
792
793	! 1. Scalar
794
795	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_avail = 0.01 !! minimum availability
796	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_avail)
797	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ind_0 = 0.02 !! initial density of individuals
798	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ind_0)
799	! 3. Coefficients of equations
800
801	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: RIP_time_min = 1.25 !! test whether the PFT has been eliminated lately (years)
802	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(RIP_time_min)
803	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: npp_longterm_init = 10. !! Initialisation value for npp_longterm (gC.m^{-2}.year^{-1})
804	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(npp_longterm_init)
805	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: everywhere_init = 0.05 !!
806	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(everywhere_init)
807
808
809
810
811	!
812	! stomate_data.f90
813	!
814
815	! 1. Scalar
816
817	! 1.2 climatic parameters
818
819	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: precip_crit = 100. !! minimum precip, in (mm/year)
820	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(precip_crit)
821	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gdd_crit_estab = 150. !! minimum gdd for establishment of saplings
822	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gdd_crit_estab)
823	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fpc_crit = 0.95 !! critical fpc, needed for light competition and establishment (0-1, unitless)
824	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fpc_crit)
825
826	! 1.3 sapling characteristics
827
828	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: alpha_grass = 0.5 !! alpha coefficient for grasses (unitless)
829	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alpha_grass)
830	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: alpha_tree = 1. !! alpha coefficient for trees (unitless)
831	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(alpha_tree)
832	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: struct_to_leaves = 0.05 !! Fraction of structural carbon in grass and crops as a share of the leaf
833	!! carbon pool. Only used for grasses and crops (thus NOT for trees)
834	!! (unitless)
835	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(struct_to_leaves)
836
837	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: labile_to_total = 0.01 !! Fraction of the labile pool in trees, grasses and crops as a share of the
838	!! total carbon pool (accounting for the N-content of the different tissues).
839	!! (unitless)
840	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(labile_to_total)
841
842
843
844	! 1.4 time scales for phenology and other processes (in days)
845	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_hum_month = 20. !! (days)
846	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_hum_month)
847	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_hum_week = 7. !! (days)
848	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_hum_week)
849	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_t2m_month = 20. !! (days)
850	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_t2m_month)
851	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_t2m_week = 7. !! (days)
852	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_t2m_week)
853	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_tsoil_month = 20. !! (days)
854	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_tsoil_month)
855	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_soilhum_month = 20. !! (days)
856	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_soilhum_month)
857	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_gpp_week = 7. !! (days)
858	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_gpp_week)
859	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_gdd = 40. !! (days)
860	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_gdd)
861	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_ngd = 50. !! (days)
862	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_ngd)
863	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: coeff_tau_longterm = 3. !! (unitless)
864	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(coeff_tau_longterm)
865	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_longterm_max !! (days)
866	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_longterm_max)
867
868	! 3. Coefficients of equations
869
870	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_carbres = 5. !!
871	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_carbres)
872	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_labile = 5. !!
873	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_labile)
874	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_sapabove = 0.5 !!
875	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_sapabove)
876	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_heartabove = 2. !!
877	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_heartabove)
878	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_heartbelow = 2. !!
879	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_heartbelow)
880	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_leaf_nat = 0.1 !!
881	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_leaf_nat)
882	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_leaf_agri = 1. !!
883	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_leaf_agri)
884	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_carbres = 5. !!
885	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_carbres)
886	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_labile = 5. !!
887	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_labile)
888	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_root = 0.1 !!
889	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_root)
890	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: init_sapl_mass_fruit = 0.3 !!
891	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(init_sapl_mass_fruit)
892	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: cn_sapl_init = 0.5 !!
893	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(cn_sapl_init)
894	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: migrate_tree = 10.*1.E3 !!
895	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(migrate_tree)
896	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: migrate_grass = 10.*1.E3 !!
897	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(migrate_grass)
898	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: lai_initmin_tree = 0.3 !!
899	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(lai_initmin_tree)
900	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: lai_initmin_grass = 0.1 !!
901	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(lai_initmin_grass)
902	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: dia_coeff = (/ 4., 0.5 /) !!
903	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dia_coeff)
904	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: maxdia_coeff =(/ 100., 0.01/) !!
905	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(maxdia_coeff)
906	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(4) :: bm_sapl_leaf = (/ 4., 4., 0.8, 5./) !!
907	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_leaf)
908
909
910	!
911	! stomate_litter.f90
912	!
913
914	! 0. Constants
915
916	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: Q10 = 10. !!
917
918	! 1. Scalar
919
920	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: z_decomp = 0.2 !! Maximum depth for soil decomposer's activity (m)
921	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(z_decomp)
922
923	! 2. Arrays
924
925	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_struct_sua = 0.4 !! corresponding to frac_soil(istructural,isurface,iabove)
926	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_struct_sua)
927	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_struct_ab = 0.45 !! corresponding to frac_soil(istructural,iactive,ibelow)
928	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_struct_ab)
929	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_struct_sa = 0.7 !! corresponding to frac_soil(istructural,islow,iabove)
930	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_struct_sa)
931	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_struct_sb = 0.7 !! corresponding to frac_soil(istructural,islow,ibelow)
932	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_struct_sb)
933	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_metab_sua = 0.4 !! corresponding to frac_soil(imetabolic,iactive,iabove)
934	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_metab_sua)
935	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_soil_metab_ab = 0.45 !! corresponding to frac_soil(imetabolic,iactive,ibelow)
936	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_soil_metab_ab)
937	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(nparts) :: CN_fix = & !! C/N ratio of each plant pool (0-100, unitless)
938	& (/ 40., 40., 40., 40., 40., 40., 40., 40., 40. /)
939	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(CN_fix)
940
941	! 3. Coefficients of equations
942
943	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: metabolic_ref_frac = 0.85 !! used by litter and soilcarbon (0-1, unitless)
944	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(metabolic_ref_frac)
945	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: metabolic_LN_ratio = 0.018 !! (0-1, unitless)
946	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(metabolic_LN_ratio)
947	! Turnover rate (yr-1) - From Parton et al., 1993
948	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: turn_metabolic = 15 !!
949	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(turn_metabolic)
950	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: turn_struct = 4 !!
951	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(turn_struct)
952	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: turn_woody = 1.33 !! from DOFOCO
953	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(turn_woody)
954	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: soil_Q10 = 0.69 !!= ln 2
955	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soil_Q10)
956	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: soil_Q10_uptake = 0.69 !!= ln 2
957	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soil_Q10_uptake)
958	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tsoil_ref = 30. !!
959	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tsoil_ref)
960	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: litter_struct_coef = 3. !!
961	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(litter_struct_coef)
962	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(3) :: moist_coeff = (/ 1.1, 2.4, 0.29 /) !!
963	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(moist_coeff)
964	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: moistcont_min = 0.25 !! minimum soil wetness to limit the heterotrophic respiration
965	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(moistcont_min)
966
967
968	!
969	! stomate_lpj.f90
970	!
971
972	! 1. Scalar
973
974	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: frac_turnover_daily = 0.55 !! (0-1, unitless)
975	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(frac_turnover_daily)
976
977
978	!
979	! stomate_npp.f90
980	!
981
982	! 1. Scalar
983
984	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tax_max = 0.8 !! Maximum fraction of allocatable biomass used
985	!! for maintenance respiration (0-1, unitless)
986	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tax_max)
987
988
989	!
990	! stomate_phenology.f90
991	!
992
993	! 1. Scalar
994
995	LOGICAL, SAVE :: always_init = .FALSE. !! take carbon from atmosphere if carbohydrate reserve too small? (true/false)
996	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(always_init)
997	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_growthinit_time = 300. !! minimum time since last beginning of a growing season (days)
998	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_growthinit_time)
999	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: moiavail_always_tree = 1.0 !! moisture monthly availability above which moisture tendency doesn't matter
1000	!! - for trees (0-1, unitless)
1001	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(moiavail_always_tree)
1002	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: moiavail_always_grass = 0.6 !! moisture monthly availability above which moisture tendency doesn't matter
1003	!! - for grass (0-1, unitless)
1004	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(moiavail_always_grass)
1005	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: t_always !! monthly temp. above which temp. tendency doesn't matter
1006	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(t_always)
1007	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: t_always_add = 10. !! monthly temp. above which temp. tendency doesn't matter (C)
1008	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(t_always_add)
1009
1010	! 3. Coefficients of equations
1011
1012	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gddncd_ref = 603. !!
1013	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gddncd_ref)
1014	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gddncd_curve = 0.0091 !!
1015	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gddncd_curve)
1016	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gddncd_offset = 64. !!
1017	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gddncd_offset)
1018
1019
1020	!
1021	! stomate_prescribe.f90
1022	!
1023
1024	! 3. Coefficients of equations
1025
1026	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: bm_sapl_rescale = 40. !!
1027	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(bm_sapl_rescale)
1028
1029
1030	!
1031	! stomate_resp.f90
1032	!
1033
1034	! 3. Coefficients of equations
1035
1036	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: maint_resp_min_vmax = 0.3 !!
1037	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(maint_resp_min_vmax)
1038	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: maint_resp_coeff = 1.4 !!
1039	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(maint_resp_coeff)
1040
1041
1042	!
1043	! stomate_som_dynamics.f90 (in stomate_soilcarbon.f90)
1044	!
1045
1046	! 2. Arrays
1047
1048	! 2.1 Fixed fraction from one pool to another (or to CO2 emission)
1049
1050	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: active_to_pass_ref_frac = 0.003 !! from active pool: depends on clay content (0-1, unitless)
1051	!! corresponding to frac_carb(:,iactive,ipassive)
1052	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: surf_to_slow_ref_frac = 0.4 !! from surface pool
1053	!! corresponding to frac_carb(:,isurf,islow)
1054	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: active_to_CO2_ref_frac = 0.85 !! from active pool: depends on clay content (0-1, unitless)
1055	!! corresponding to frac_resp(:,iactive)
1056	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(active_to_CO2_ref_frac)
1057	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: slow_to_pass_ref_frac = 0.03 !! from slow pool: depends on clay content (0-1, unitless)
1058	!! corresponding to frac_carb(:,islow,ipassive)
1059	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(slow_to_pass_ref_frac)
1060	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: slow_to_CO2_ref_frac = 0.55 !! from slow pool (0-1, unitless)
1061	!! corresponding to frac_resp(:,islow)
1062	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(slow_to_CO2_ref_frac)
1063	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: pass_to_active_ref_frac = 0.45 !! from passive pool (0-1, unitless)
1064	!! corresponding to frac_carb(:,ipassive,iactive)
1065	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(pass_to_active_ref_frac)
1066	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: pass_to_slow_ref_frac = 0.0 !! from passive pool (0-1, unitless)
1067	!! corresponding to frac_carb(:,ipassive,islow)
1068	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(pass_to_slow_ref_frac)
1069
1070	! 3. Define Variable fraction from one pool to another (function of silt and clay fraction)
1071	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: active_to_pass_clay_frac = 0.032
1072	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(active_to_pass_clay_frac)
1073	!! residence times in carbon pools (days)
1074
1075	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: active_to_CO2_clay_silt_frac = 0.68
1076	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(active_to_pass_clay_frac)
1077	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: slow_to_pass_clay_frac = 0
1078	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(slow_to_pass_clay_frac)
1079
1080	! C to N target ratios of differnt pools
1081	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_iactive_ref = 15. !! CN target ratio of active pool for soil min N = 0
1082	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_islow_ref = 20. !! CN target ratio of slow pool for soil min N = 0
1083	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_ipassive_ref = 10. !! CN target ratio of passive pool for soil min N = 0
1084	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_isurface_ref = 20. !! CN target ratio of surface pool for litter nitrogen content = 0
1085
1086	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_iactive_Nmin = -6. !! CN target ratio change per mineral N unit (g m-2) for active pool
1087	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_islow_Nmin = -4. !! CN target ratio change per mineral N unit (g m-2) for slow pool
1088	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_ipassive_Nmin = -1.5 !! CN target ratio change per mineral N unit (g m-2) for passive pool
1089	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: CN_target_isurface_pnc = -5. !! CN target ratio change per plant nitrogen content unit (%) for surface pool
1090	!! Turnover in SOM pools (year-1)
1091	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: som_turn_isurface = 6.0 !! turnover of surface pool (year-1)
1092	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(som_turn_isurface)
1093	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: som_turn_iactive = 7.3 !! turnover of active pool (year-1)
1094	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(som_turn_iactive)
1095	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: som_turn_islow = 0.2 !! turnover of slow pool (year-1)
1096	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(som_turn_islow)
1097	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: som_turn_ipassive = 0.0045 !! turnover of passive pool (year-1)
1098	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(som_turn_ipassive)
1099
1100
1101	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: som_turn_iactive_clay_frac = 0.75 !! clay-dependant parameter impacting on turnover rate of active pool
1102	!! Tm parameter of Parton et al. 1993 (-)
1103	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(som_turn_iactive_clay_frac)
1104
1105	!
1106	! stomate_turnover.f90
1107	!
1108
1109	! 3. Coefficients of equations
1110
1111	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: new_turnover_time_ref = 20. !!(days)
1112	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(new_turnover_time_ref)
1113	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: leaf_age_crit_tref = 20. !! (C)
1114	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leaf_age_crit_tref)
1115	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(3) :: leaf_age_crit_coeff = (/ 1.5, 0.75, 10./) !! (unitless)
1116	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leaf_age_crit_coeff)
1117
1118
1119	!
1120	! stomate_vmax.f90
1121	!
1122
1123	! 1. Scalar
1124
1125	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: vmax_offset = 0.3 !! minimum leaf efficiency (unitless)
1126	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(vmax_offset)
1127	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: leafage_firstmax = 0.03 !! relative leaf age at which efficiency
1128	!! reaches 1 (unitless)
1129	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leafage_firstmax)
1130	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: leafage_lastmax = 0.5 !! relative leaf age at which efficiency
1131	!! falls below 1 (unitless)
1132	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leafage_lastmax)
1133	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: leafage_old = 1. !! relative leaf age at which efficiency
1134	!! reaches its minimum (vmax_offset)
1135	!! (unitless)
1136	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leafage_old)
1137
1138
1139	!
1140	! nitrogen_dynamics (in stomate_soilcarbon.f90)
1141	!
1142
1143	! 0. Constants
1144	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: D_air = 1.73664 !! Oxygen diffusion rate in the air = 0.07236 m2/h
1145	!! from Table 2 of Li et al, 2000
1146	!! (m**2/day)
1147
1148	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: C_molar_mass = 12 !! Carbon Molar mass (gC mol-1)
1149
1150	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: Pa_to_hPa = 0.01 !! Conversion factor from Pa to hPa (-)
1151	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: V_O2 = 0.209476 !! Volumetric fraction of O2 in air (-)
1152
1153	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: pk_NH4 = 9.25 !! The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant K_NH4
1154	!! See Table 4 of Li et al. 1992 and Appendix A of Zhang et al. 2002
1155
1156
1157	! 1. Scalar
1158
1159	! Coefficients for defining maximum porosity
1160	! From Saxton, K.E., Rawls, W.J., Romberger, J.S., Papendick, R.I., 1986
1161	! Estimationg generalized soil-water characteristics from texture.
1162	! Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50, 1031-1036
1163	! Cited in Table 5 (page 444) of
1164	! Y. Pachepsky, W.J. Rawls
1165	! Development of Pedotransfer Functions in Soil Hydrology
1166	! Elsevier, 23 nov. 2004 - 542 pages
1167	! http://books.google.fr/books?id=ar_lPXaJ8QkC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false
1168	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: h_saxton = 0.332 !! h coefficient
1169	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(h_saxton)
1170	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: j_saxton = -7.251*1e-4 !! j coefficient
1171	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(j_saxton)
1172	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: k_saxton = 0.1276 !! k coefficient
1173	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(k_saxton)
1174
1175	! Values of the power used in the equation defining the diffusion of oxygen in soil
1176	! from Table 2 of Li et al, 2000
1177	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: diffusionO2_power_1 = 3.33 !! (unitless)
1178	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(diffusionO2_power_1)
1179	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: diffusionO2_power_2 = 2.0 !! (unitless)
1180	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(diffusionO2_power_2)
1181
1182	! Temperature-related Factors impacting on Oxygen diffusion rate
1183	! From eq. 2 of Table 2 (Li et al, 2000)
1184	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: F_nofrost = 1.2 !! (unitless)
1185	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(F_nofrost)
1186	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: F_frost = 0.8 !! (unitless)
1187	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(F_frost)
1188
1189	! Coefficients used in the calculation of Volumetric fraction of anaerobic microsites
1190	! a and b constants are not specified in Li et al., 2000
1191	! S. Zaehle used a=0.85 and b=1 without mention to any publication
1192	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: a_anvf = 0.85 !! (-)
1193	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(a_anvf)
1194	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: b_anvf = 1. !! (-)
1195	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(b_anvf)
1196
1197	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the Fraction of adsorbed NH4+
1198	! Li et al. 1992, JGR, Table 4
1199	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: a_FixNH4 = 0.41 !! (-)
1200	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(a_FixNH4)
1201	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: b_FixNH4 = -0.47 !! (-)
1202	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(b_FixNH4)
1203	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: clay_max = 0.63 !! (-)
1204	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(clay_max)
1205
1206	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the Response of Nitrification
1207	! to soil moisture
1208	! Zhang et al. 2002, Ecological Modelling, appendix A, page 101
1209	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fwnit_0 = -0.0243 !! (-)
1210	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fwnit_0)
1211	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fwnit_1 = 0.9975 !! (-)
1212	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fwnit_1)
1213	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fwnit_2 = -5.5368 !! (-)
1214	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fwnit_2)
1215	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fwnit_3 = 17.651 !! (-)
1216	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fwnit_3)
1217	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fwnit_4 = -12.904 !! (-)
1218	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fwnit_4)
1219
1220	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the Response of Nitrification
1221	! to Temperature
1222	! Zhang et al. 2002, Ecological Modelling, appendix A, page 101
1223	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_nit_0 = -0.0233 !! (-)
1224	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_nit_0)
1225	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_nit_1 = 0.3094 !! (-)
1226	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_nit_1)
1227	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_nit_2 = -0.2234 !! (-)
1228	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_nit_2)
1229	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_nit_3 = 0.1566 !! (-)
1230	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_nit_3)
1231	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_nit_4 = -0.0272 !! (-)
1232	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_nit_4)
1233
1234	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the Response of Nitrification
1235	! to pH
1236	! Zhang et al. 2002, Ecological Modelling, appendix A, page 101
1237	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_0 = -1.2314 !! (-)
1238	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_0)
1239	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_1 = 0.7347 !! (-)
1240	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_1)
1241	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_2 = -0.0604 !! (-)
1242	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_2)
1243
1244	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the response of NO2 or NO
1245	! production during nitrificationof to Temperature
1246	! Zhang et al. 2002, Ecological Modelling, appendix A, page 102
1247	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ftv_0 = 2.72 !! (-)
1248	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ftv_0)
1249	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ftv_1 = 34.6 !! (-)
1250	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ftv_1)
1251	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ftv_2 = 9615. !! (-)
1252	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ftv_2)
1253
1254	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: k_nitrif = 0.2 !! Nitrification rate at 20 âŠC and field capacity (day-1)
1255	!! from Schmid et al., 2001
1256	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(k_nitrif)
1257
1258	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: n2o_nitrif_p = 0.0006 !! Reference n2o production per N-NO3 produced g N-N2O (g N-NO3)-1
1259	!! From Zhang et al., 2002 - Appendix A p. 102
1260	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(n2o_nitrif_p)
1261	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: no_nitrif_p = 0.0025 !! Reference NO production per N-NO3 produced g N-NO (g N-NO3)-1
1262	!! From Zhang et al., 2002 - Appendix A p. 102
1263	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(no_nitrif_p)
1264
1265	! NO production from chemodenitrification
1266	! based on Kesik et al., 2005, Biogeosciences
1267	! Coefficients used in the calculation of the Response to Temperature
1268	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: chemo_t0 = -31494. !! (-)
1269	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(chemo_t0)
1270	! Coefficients use in the calculation of the Response to pH
1271	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: chemo_ph0 = -1.62 !! (-)
1272	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(chemo_ph0)
1273	! Coefficients used in the calculation of NO production from chemodenitrification
1274	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: chemo_0 = 30. !! (-)
1275	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(chemo_0)
1276	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: chemo_1 = 16565. !! (-)
1277	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(chemo_1)
1278
1279	! Denitrification processes
1280	! Li et al, 2000, JGR Table 4 eq 1, 2 and 4
1281	!
1282	! Coefficients used in the Temperature response of
1283	! relative growth rate of total denitrifiers - Eq. 2 Table 4 of Li et al., 2000
1284	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_denit_0 = 2. !! (-)
1285	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_denit_0)
1286	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_denit_1 = 22.5 !! (-)
1287	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_denit_1)
1288	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ft_denit_2 = 10. !! (-)
1289	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ft_denit_2)
1290	!
1291	! Coefficients used in the pH response of
1292	! relative growth rate of total denitrifiers - Eq. 2 Table 4 of Li et al., 2000
1293	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_no3_0 = 4.25 !! (-)
1294	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_no3_0)
1295	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_no3_1 = 0.5 !! (-)
1296	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_no3_1)
1297	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_no_0 = 5.25 !! (-)
1298	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_no_0)
1299	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_no_1 = 1. !! (-)
1300	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_no_1)
1301	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_n2o_0 = 6.25 !! (-)
1302	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_n2o_0)
1303	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fph_n2o_1 = 1.5 !! (-)
1304	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fph_n2o_1)
1305
1306	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Kn = 0.083 !! Half Saturation of N oxydes (kgN/m3)
1307	!! Table 4 of Li et al., 2000
1308	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Kn)
1309
1310	! Maximum Relative growth rate of Nox denitrifiers
1311	! Eq.1 Table 4 Li et al., 2000
1312	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mu_no3_max = 0.67 !! (hour-1)
1313	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mu_no3_max)
1314	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mu_no_max = 0.34 !! (hour-1)
1315	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mu_no_max)
1316	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mu_n2o_max = 0.34 !! (hour-1)
1317	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mu_n2o_max)
1318
1319	! Maximum growth yield of NOx denitrifiers on N oxydes
1320	! Table 4 Li et al., 2000
1321	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Y_no3 = 0.401 !! (kgC / kgN)
1322	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Y_no3)
1323	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Y_no = 0.428 !! (kgC / kgN)
1324	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Y_no)
1325	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Y_n2o = 0.151 !! (kgC / kgN)
1326	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Y_n2o)
1327
1328	! Maintenance coefficient on N oxyde
1329	! Table 4 Li et al., 2000
1330	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: M_no3 = 0.09 !! (kgN / kgC / hour)
1331	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(M_no3)
1332	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: M_no = 0.035 !! (kgN / kgC / hour)
1333	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(M_no)
1334	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: M_n2o = 0.079 !! (kgN / kgC / hour)
1335	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(M_n2o)
1336
1337
1338	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Maint_c = 0.0076 !! Maintenance coefficient of carbon (kgC/kgC/h)
1339	!! Table 4 Li et al., 2000
1340	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Maint_c)
1341	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Yc = 0.503 !! Maximum growth yield on soluble carbon (kgC/kgC)
1342	!! Table 4 Li et al., 2000
1343	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(Yc)
1344
1345	!! Coefficients used in the eq. defining the response of N-emission to clay fraction (-)
1346	!! from Table 4, Li et al. 2000
1347	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: F_clay_0 = 0.13
1348	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(F_clay_0)
1349	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: F_clay_1 = -0.079
1350	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(F_clay_1)
1351
1352
1353	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ratio_nh4_fert = 0.875 !! Proportion of ammonium in the fertilizers (ammo-nitrate)
1354	!! = 7./8. (-)
1355	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ratio_nh4_fert)
1356
1357	! 2. Arrays
1358	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: vmax_uptake = (/ 3. , 3. /) !! Vmax of nitrogen uptake by plants
1359	!! for Ammonium (ind.1) and Nitrate (ind.2)
1360	!! (in umol (g DryWeight_root)-1 h-1)
1361	!! from Kronzucker et al. (1995, 1996)
1362	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(vmax_uptake)
1363
1364	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: K_N_min = (/ 30., 30. /) !! [NH4+] (resp. [NO3-]) for which the Nuptake
1365	!! equals vmax/2. (umol per litter)
1366	!! from Kronzucker, 1995
1367	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(K_N_min)
1368
1369	REAL(r_std), SAVE, DIMENSION(2) :: low_K_N_min = (/ 0.0002, 0.0002 /) !! Rate of N uptake not associated with
1370	!! Michaelis- Menten Kinetics for Ammonium
1371	!! (ind.1) and Nitrate (ind.2)
1372	!! from Kronzucker, 1995 ((umol)-1)
1373	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(low_K_N_min)
1374
1375
1376	!! Other N-related parameters
1377	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: Dmax = 0.25 !! Parameter te be clarified (what it is, units, ...)
1378	!! used in stomate_growth_fun_all
1379
1380	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: reserve_time_tree = 30. !! Maximum number of days during which
1381	!! carbohydrate reserve may be used for
1382	!! trees (days)
1383	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(reserve_time_tree)
1384	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: reserve_time_grass = 20. !! Maximum number of days during which
1385	!! carbohydrate reserve may be used for
1386	!! grasses (days)
1387	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(reserve_time_grass)
1388
1389	!
1390	! stomate_season.f90
1391	!
1392
1393	! 1. Scalar
1394
1395	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gppfrac_dormance = 0.2 !! report maximal GPP/GGP_max for dormance (0-1, unitless)
1396	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gppfrac_dormance)
1397	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tau_climatology = 20. !! tau for "climatologic variables (years)
1398	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tau_climatology)
1399	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: hvc1 = 0.019 !! parameters for herbivore activity (unitless)
1400	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(hvc1)
1401	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: hvc2 = 1.38 !! parameters for herbivore activity (unitless)
1402	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(hvc2)
1403	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: leaf_frac_hvc = 0.33 !! leaf fraction (0-1, unitless)
1404	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(leaf_frac_hvc)
1405	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tlong_ref_max = 303.1 !! maximum reference long term temperature (K)
1406	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tlong_ref_max)
1407	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: tlong_ref_min = 253.1 !! minimum reference long term temperature (K)
1408	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(tlong_ref_min)
1409
1410	! 3. Coefficients of equations
1411
1412	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: ncd_max_year = 3.
1413	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ncd_max_year)
1414	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: gdd_threshold = 5.
1415	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(gdd_threshold)
1416	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: green_age_ever = 2.
1417	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(green_age_ever)
1418	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: green_age_dec = 0.5
1419	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(green_age_dec)
1420
1421	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: ncirc = 1 !! Number of circumference classes used to calculate C allocation
1422	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ncirc)
1423	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: kilo_to_unit = 1.0E03 !! Convert Kilo to unit
1424
1425
1426	LOGICAL, SAVE :: lbypass_cc = .FALSE. !! Set to true for a temporary patch of a known bug, though the underlying
1427	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(lbypass_cc)
1428	LOGICAL, SAVE :: ld_fake_height=.TRUE. ! a flag to turn on the statements
1429	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ld_fake_height)
1430	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sync_threshold = 0.0001 !! The threshold above which a warning is generated when the
1431	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sync_threshold)
1432	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: ld_biomass=.FALSE. ! a flag to turn on debug statements
1433	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: test_pft = 4 !! Number of PFT for which detailed output
1434	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(test_pft)
1435
1436	INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: test_grid = 1 !! Number of the grid square for which detailed output
1437	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(test_grid)
1438
1439	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: ld_stop=.FALSE. ! a flag to turn on some stop statements.
1440	LOGICAL,SAVE :: ld_alloc=.FALSE. ! a flag to turn on debug statements
1441	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: ld_warn=.FALSE. ! a flag to turn on various warnings
1442	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: jr_nextstep = .FALSE. ! set this to TRUE to activate the
1443	LOGICAL,PARAMETER :: ld_massbal=.FALSE. ! a flag to turn on debug statements
1444	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ipoolchange = 5 !! change in pool size i.e. change in biomass
1445
1446	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ilat2in = 4 !! incoming lateral flux i.e. N deposition for the land
1447	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ilat2out = 3 !! outgoing lateral flux i.e. DOC leaching for the litter routine
1448	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iatm2land = 1 !! atmosphere to land fluxes such as GPP and co2_2_bm
1449	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: iland2atm = 2 !! land to atmosphere fluxes such as Rh, Ra and product decomposition
1450	INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nmbcomp = 5 !! The total nomber of components in our mass balance check
1451
1452
1453	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: max_delta_KF = 0.1 !! Maximum change in KF from one time step to another (m)
1454	!! This is a bit arbitrary.
1455	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(max_delta_KF)
1456
1457	REAL(r_std), SAVE :: maint_from_gpp = 0.8 !! Some carbon needs to remain to support the growth, hence,
1458	!! respiration will be limited. In this case resp_maint
1459	!! (gC m-2 dt-1) should not be more than 80% (::maint_from_gpp)
1460	!! of the GPP (gC m-2 s-1)
1461	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(maint_from_gpp)
1462
1463	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: m2_to_ha = 10000. !! Conversion from m2 to hectares
1464	REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: ha_to_m2 = 0.0001 !! Conversion from hectares (forestry) to m2 (rest of the code)
1465
1466	END MODULE constantes_var

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