| 1 | ! ================================================================================================================================= |
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| 2 | ! MODULE : constantes_soil_var |
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| 3 | ! |
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| 4 | ! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ ipsl.jussieu.fr |
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| 5 | ! |
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| 6 | ! LICENCE : IPSL (2006) |
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| 7 | ! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC |
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| 8 | ! |
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| 9 | !>\BRIEF "constantes_soil_var" module contains the parameters related to soil and hydrology. |
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| 10 | !! |
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| 11 | !!\n DESCRIPTION : The non saturated hydraulic properties are defined from the |
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| 12 | !! formulations of van Genuchten (1980) and Mualem (1976), combined as |
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| 13 | !! explained in d'Orgeval (2006). \n |
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| 14 | !! The related parameters for three main |
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| 15 | !! soil textures (coarse, medium and fine) come from Carsel and Parrish |
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| 16 | !! (1988). |
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| 17 | !! |
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| 18 | !! RECENT CHANGE(S): Sonke Zaehle changed hcrit_litter value according to Shilong Piao from 0.03 to 0.08, 080806 |
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| 19 | !! |
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| 20 | !! REFERENCE(S) : |
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| 21 | !!- Roger A.Pielke, (2002), Mesoscale meteorological modeling, Academic Press Inc. |
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| 22 | !!- Polcher, J., Laval, K., DÃŒmenil, L., Lean, J., et Rowntree, P. R. (1996). |
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| 23 | !! Comparing three land surface schemes used in general circulation models. Journal of Hydrology, 180(1-4), 373--394. |
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| 24 | !!- Ducharne, A., Laval, K., et Polcher, J. (1998). Sensitivity of the hydrological cycle |
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| 25 | !! to the parametrization of soil hydrology in a GCM. Climate Dynamics, 14, 307--327. |
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| 26 | !!- Rosnay, P. de et Polcher, J. (1999). Modelling root water uptake in a complex land surface |
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| 27 | !! scheme coupled to a GCM. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2(2/3), 239--255. |
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| 28 | !!- d'Orgeval, T. et Polcher, J. (2008). Impacts of precipitation events and land-use changes |
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| 29 | !! on West African river discharges during the years 1951--2000. Climate Dynamics, 31(2), 249--262. |
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| 30 | !!- Carsel, R. and Parrish, R.: Developing joint probability distributions of soil water |
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| 31 | !! retention characteristics, Water Resour. Res.,24, 755â769, 1988. |
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| 32 | !!- Mualem Y (1976) A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity |
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| 33 | !! of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research 12(3):513-522 |
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| 34 | !!- Van Genuchten M (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the |
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| 35 | !! hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 44(5):892-898 |
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| 36 | !! |
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| 37 | !! SVN : |
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| 38 | !! $HeadURL: $ |
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| 39 | !! $Date: $ |
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| 40 | !! $Revision: $ |
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| 41 | !! \n |
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| 42 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | MODULE constantes_soil_var |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | USE defprec |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 49 | |
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| 50 | |
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| 51 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: check_waterbal=.TRUE. !! The check the water balance (true/false) |
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| 52 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(check_waterbal) |
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| 53 | |
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| 54 | !! Dimensioning parameters |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: ngrnd !! Number of soil level for thermo (unitless) |
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| 57 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ngrnd) |
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| 58 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbdl=11 !! Number of diagnostic levels in the soil |
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| 59 | !! To compare hydrologic variables with tag 1.6 and lower, |
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| 60 | !! set nbdl to 6 : INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbdl = 6 |
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| 61 | !! (unitless) |
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| 62 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nslm=11 !! Number of levels in CWRR (unitless) |
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| 63 | |
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| 64 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: dpu_max !! Maximum depth of soil reservoir (m). Default value is set |
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| 65 | !! in intsurf_config depending on Choisnel(4m) or CWRR(2m) |
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| 66 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(dpu_max) |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | !! Number of soil classes |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ntext=3 !! Number of soil textures (Silt, Sand, Clay) |
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| 71 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nstm=3 !! Number of soil tiles (unitless) |
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| 72 | CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: soil_classif !! Type of classification used for the map of soil types. |
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| 73 | !! It must be consistent with soil file given by |
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| 74 | !! SOILCLASS_FILE parameter. |
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| 75 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_fao=3 !! For FAO Classification (unitless) |
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| 76 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_usda=12 !! For USDA Classification (unitless) |
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| 77 | INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: nscm=nscm_fao !! Default value for nscm |
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| 78 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nscm) |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | !! Soil types for stomate_windfall |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: n_soil_types = 4 !! Total number of soil types used in |
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| 84 | !! windfall according to XXX |
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| 85 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ifree_draining = 1 !! Free-draining mineral soil |
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| 86 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: igleyed = 2 !! Gleyed mineral soil |
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| 87 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ipeaty = 3 !! Peaty mineral soil |
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| 88 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ipeat = 4 !! Deep peat |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: n_soil_depths = 2 !! Total number of soil depths used in |
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| 91 | !! windfall according to XXX |
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| 92 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ideep = 1 !! Deep-rooted |
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| 93 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ishallow = 2 !! Shallow-rooted |
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| 94 | |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | !! Parameters for soil thermodynamics |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_capa_dry = 1.80e+6 !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils |
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| 99 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 100 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_capa_dry) |
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| 101 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_cond_dry = 0.40 !! Dry soil Thermal Conductivity of soils |
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| 102 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 103 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_cond_dry) |
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| 104 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_capa_wet = 3.03e+6 !! Wet soil Heat capacity of soils |
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| 105 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 106 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_capa_wet) |
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| 107 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_cond_wet = 1.89 !! Wet soil Thermal Conductivity of soils |
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| 108 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 109 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_cond_wet) |
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| 110 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_cond = 0.3 !! Thermal Conductivity of snow |
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| 111 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 112 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_cond) |
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| 113 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_dens = 330.0 !! Snow density for the soil thermodynamics |
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| 114 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 115 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_dens) |
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| 116 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_capa !! Heat capacity for snow |
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| 117 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 118 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_capa) |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | !! Specific parameters for the Choisnel hydrology |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: min_drain = 0.001 !! Diffusion constant for the slow regime |
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| 124 | !! (This is for the diffusion between reservoirs) |
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| 125 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-2}.dt^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 126 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(min_drain) |
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| 127 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: max_drain = 0.1 !! Diffusion constant for the fast regime |
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| 128 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-2}.dt^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 129 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(max_drain) |
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| 130 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: exp_drain = 1.5 !! The exponential in the diffusion law (unitless) |
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| 131 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(exp_drain) |
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| 132 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: qsintcst = 0.1 !! Transforms leaf area index into size of interception reservoir |
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| 133 | !! (unitless) |
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| 134 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(qsintcst) |
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| 135 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mx_eau_nobio = 150. !! Volumetric available soil water capacity in nobio fractions |
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| 136 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-3} of soil)$ @endtex |
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| 137 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mx_eau_nobio) |
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| 138 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: rsol_cste = 33.E3 !! Constant in the computation of resistance for bare soil evaporation |
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| 139 | !! @tex $(s.m^{-2})$ @endtex |
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| 140 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(rsol_cste) |
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| 141 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: hcrit_litter=0.08_r_std !! Scaling depth for litter humidity (m) |
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| 142 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(hcrit_litter) |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | !! Parameters specific for the CWRR hydrology. |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | !! 1. Parameters for FAO Classification |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | !! Parameters for soil type distribution |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_fao),SAVE :: soilclass_default_fao = & !! Default soil texture distribution for fao : |
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| 152 | & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20 /) !! in the following order : COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE (unitless) |
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| 153 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_fao) |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: nvan_fao = & !! Van genuchten coefficient n |
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| 156 | & (/ 1.89_r_std, 1.56_r_std, 1.31_r_std /) |
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| 157 | |
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| 158 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: avan_fao = & !! Van genuchten coefficient a (mm^{-1}) |
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| 159 | & (/ 0.0075_r_std, 0.0036_r_std, 0.0019_r_std /) |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcr_fao = & !! Residual soil water content |
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| 162 | & (/ 0.065_r_std, 0.078_r_std, 0.095_r_std /) |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcs_fao = & !! Saturated soil water content |
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| 165 | & (/ 0.41_r_std, 0.43_r_std, 0.41_r_std /) |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: ks_fao = & !! Hydraulic conductivity Saturation (mm/d) |
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| 168 | & (/ 1060.8_r_std, 249.6_r_std, 62.4_r_std /) |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: pcent_fao = & !! Fraction of saturated volumetric soil moisture |
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| 171 | & (/ 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std /) !! above which transpir is max (0-1, unitless) |
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| 172 | |
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| 173 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: free_drain_max_fao = & !! Max value of the permeability coeff at |
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| 174 | & (/ 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std /) !! the bottom of the soil |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcf_fao = & !! Volumetric water content field capacity |
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| 177 | & (/ 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std /) |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcw_fao = & !! Volumetric water content Wilting pt |
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| 180 | & (/ 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std /) |
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| 181 | |
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| 182 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mc_awet_fao = & !! Vol. wat. cont. above which albedo is cst |
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| 183 | & (/ 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std /) |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mc_adry_fao = & !! Vol. wat. cont. below which albedo is cst |
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| 186 | & (/ 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std /) |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | !! 2. Parameters for USDA Classification |
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| 190 | |
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| 191 | !! Parameters for soil type distribution : |
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| 192 | !! Sand, Loamy Sand, Sandy Loam, Silt Loam, Silt, Loam, Sandy Clay Loam, Silty Clay Loam, Clay Loam, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay, Clay |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_usda),SAVE :: soilclass_default_usda = & !! Default soil texture distribution in the following order : |
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| 195 | & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 /) !! sand, loam and clay ??? OR COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE??? |
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| 196 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_usda) |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: nvan_usda = & !! Van genuchten coefficient n |
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| 199 | & (/ 2.68_r_std, 2.28_r_std, 1.89_r_std, 1.41_r_std, & |
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| 200 | & 1.37_r_std, 1.56_r_std, 1.48_r_std, 1.23_r_std, & |
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| 201 | & 1.31_r_std, 1.23_r_std, 1.09_r_std, 1.09_r_std /) |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: avan_usda = & !! Van genuchten coefficient a (mm^{-1}) |
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| 204 | & (/ 0.0145_r_std, 0.0124_r_std, 0.0075_r_std, 0.0020_r_std, & |
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| 205 | & 0.0016_r_std, 0.0036_r_std, 0.0059_r_std, 0.0010_r_std, & |
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| 206 | & 0.0019_r_std, 0.0027_r_std, 0.0005_r_std, 0.0008_r_std /) |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcr_usda = & !! Residual soil water content |
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| 209 | & (/ 0.045_r_std, 0.057_r_std, 0.065_r_std, 0.067_r_std, & |
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| 210 | & 0.034_r_std, 0.078_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.089_r_std, & |
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| 211 | & 0.095_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.070_r_std, 0.068_r_std /) |
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| 212 | |
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| 213 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcs_usda = & !! Saturated soil water content |
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| 214 | & (/ 0.43_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.45_r_std, & |
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| 215 | & 0.46_r_std, 0.43_r_std, 0.39_r_std, 0.43_r_std, & |
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| 216 | & 0.41_r_std, 0.38_r_std, 0.36_r_std, 0.38_r_std /) |
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| 217 | |
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| 218 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: ks_usda = & !! Hydraulic conductivity Saturation (mm/d) |
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| 219 | & (/ 7128.0_r_std, 3501.6_r_std, 1060.8_r_std, 108.0_r_std, & |
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| 220 | & 60.0_r_std, 249.6_r_std, 314.4_r_std, 16.8_r_std, & |
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| 221 | & 62.4_r_std, 28.8_r_std, 4.8_r_std, 48.0_r_std /) |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: pcent_usda = & !! Soil moisture above which transpir is max |
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| 224 | & (/ 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, & |
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| 225 | & 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, & |
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| 226 | & 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std, 0.5_r_std /) |
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| 227 | |
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| 228 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: free_drain_max_usda = & !! Max value of the permeability coeff at |
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| 229 | & (/ 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & !! the bottom of the soil |
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| 230 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & |
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| 231 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std /) |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcf_usda = & !! Volumetric water content field capacity |
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| 234 | & (/ 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, & |
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| 235 | & 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, & |
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| 236 | & 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std, 0.32_r_std /) |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcw_usda = & !! Volumetric water content Wilting pt |
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| 239 | & (/ 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, & |
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| 240 | & 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, & |
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| 241 | & 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.10_r_std /) |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_awet_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. above which albedo is cst |
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| 244 | & (/ 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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| 245 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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| 246 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std /) |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_adry_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. below which albedo is cst |
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| 249 | & (/ 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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| 250 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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| 251 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std /) |
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| 252 | |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | !! Parameters for the numerical scheme used by CWRR |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imin = 1 !! CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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| 257 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbint = 50 !! Number of interval for CWRR (unitless) |
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| 258 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imax = nbint+1 !! Number of points for CWRR (unitless) |
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| 259 | REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: w_time = 1.0_r_std !! Time weighting for discretisation (unitless) |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | !! Diagnostic variables |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nbdl),SAVE :: diaglev !! The lower limit of the layer on which soil moisture |
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| 265 | !! (relative) and temperature are going to be diagnosed. |
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| 266 | !! These variables are made for transfering the information |
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| 267 | !! to the biogeophyical processes modelled in STOMATE. |
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| 268 | !! (unitless) |
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| 269 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(diaglev) |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in thermosoil : |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_Ecorr !! Flag for energy conservation correction |
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| 275 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_thermix !! Flag to activate thermal part of the soil freezing scheme |
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| 276 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: read_reftemp !! Flag to initialize soil temperature using climatological |
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| 277 | !! emperature |
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| 278 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: read_permafrost_map !! Read information about ice content, overburden and permafrost |
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| 279 | !! type from IPA map |
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| 280 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: poros !! Soil porosity (from USDA classification, mean value)(-) |
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| 281 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fr_dT !! Freezing window (K) |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in diffuco : |
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| 285 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_snowfact !! Activate snow smoothering |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in hydrol : |
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| 289 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_cwrr !! CWRR freezing scheme by I. Gouttevin |
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| 290 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_thermodynamical_freezing !! Calculate frozen fraction thermodynamically |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | END MODULE Constantes_soil_var |
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