| 1 | ! ================================================================================================================================= |
|---|
| 2 | ! MODULE : stomate_turnover.f90 |
|---|
| 3 | ! |
|---|
| 4 | ! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ listes.ipsl.fr |
|---|
| 5 | ! |
|---|
| 6 | ! LICENCE : IPSL (2006) |
|---|
| 7 | ! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC |
|---|
| 8 | ! |
|---|
| 9 | !>\BRIEF This module manages the end of the growing season and calculates herbivory and turnover of leaves, fruits, fine roots. |
|---|
| 10 | !! |
|---|
| 11 | !!\n DESCRIPTION: This subroutine calculates leaf senescence due to climatic conditions or as a |
|---|
| 12 | !! function of leaf age and new LAI, and subsequent turnover of the different plant biomass compartments (sections 1 to 6), |
|---|
| 13 | !! herbivory (section 7), fruit turnover for trees (section 8) and sapwood conversion (section 9). |
|---|
| 14 | !! |
|---|
| 15 | !! RECENT CHANGE(S): None |
|---|
| 16 | !! |
|---|
| 17 | !! SVN : |
|---|
| 18 | !! $HeadURL: svn://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/branches/ORCHIDEE_2_2/ORCHIDEE/src_stomate/stomate_turnover.f90 $ |
|---|
| 19 | !! $Date: 2017-10-18 11:15:06 +0200 (Wed, 18 Oct 2017) $ |
|---|
| 20 | !! $Revision: 4693 $ |
|---|
| 21 | !! \n |
|---|
| 22 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 23 | |
|---|
| 24 | MODULE stomate_turnover |
|---|
| 25 | |
|---|
| 26 | ! modules used: |
|---|
| 27 | USE xios_orchidee |
|---|
| 28 | USE ioipsl_para |
|---|
| 29 | USE stomate_data |
|---|
| 30 | USE constantes |
|---|
| 31 | USE pft_parameters |
|---|
| 32 | |
|---|
| 33 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 34 | |
|---|
| 35 | ! private & public routines |
|---|
| 36 | |
|---|
| 37 | PRIVATE |
|---|
| 38 | PUBLIC turn, turn_clear |
|---|
| 39 | |
|---|
| 40 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: firstcall_turnover = .TRUE. !! first call (true/false) |
|---|
| 41 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall_turnover) |
|---|
| 42 | |
|---|
| 43 | CONTAINS |
|---|
| 44 | |
|---|
| 45 | |
|---|
| 46 | !! ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 47 | !! SUBROUTINE : turn_clear |
|---|
| 48 | !! |
|---|
| 49 | !>\BRIEF Set flag ::firstcall_turnover to .TRUE., and therefore activate section 1 |
|---|
| 50 | !! of subroutine turn which writes a message to the output. |
|---|
| 51 | !! |
|---|
| 52 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 53 | |
|---|
| 54 | SUBROUTINE turn_clear |
|---|
| 55 | firstcall_turnover=.TRUE. |
|---|
| 56 | END SUBROUTINE turn_clear |
|---|
| 57 | |
|---|
| 58 | |
|---|
| 59 | !! ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 60 | !! SUBROUTINE : turn |
|---|
| 61 | !! |
|---|
| 62 | !>\BRIEF Calculate turnover of leaves, roots, fruits and sapwood due to aging or climatic |
|---|
| 63 | !! induced senescence. Calculate herbivory. |
|---|
| 64 | !! |
|---|
| 65 | !! DESCRIPTION : This subroutine determines the turnover of leaves and fine roots (and stems for grasses) |
|---|
| 66 | !! and simulates following processes: |
|---|
| 67 | !! 1. Mean leaf age is calculated from leaf ages of separate leaf age classes. Should actually |
|---|
| 68 | !! be recalculated at the end of the routine, but it does not change too fast. The mean leaf |
|---|
| 69 | !! age is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 70 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 71 | !! \input{turnover_lma_update_eqn1.tex} |
|---|
| 72 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 73 | !! \n |
|---|
| 74 | !! 2. Meteorological senescence: the detection of the end of the growing season and shedding |
|---|
| 75 | !! of leaves, fruits and fine roots due to unfavourable meteorological conditions. |
|---|
| 76 | !! The model distinguishes three different types of "climatic" leaf senescence, that do not |
|---|
| 77 | !! change the age structure: sensitivity to cold temperatures, to lack of water, or both. |
|---|
| 78 | !! If meteorological conditions are fulfilled, a flag ::senescence is set to TRUE. Note |
|---|
| 79 | !! that evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence. |
|---|
| 80 | !! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures where the critical |
|---|
| 81 | !! temperature for senescence is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 82 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 83 | !! \input{turnover_temp_crit_eqn2.tex} |
|---|
| 84 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 85 | !! \n |
|---|
| 86 | !! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability where the |
|---|
| 87 | !! moisture availability critical level is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 88 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 89 | !! \input{turnover_moist_crit_eqn3.tex} |
|---|
| 90 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 91 | !! \n |
|---|
| 92 | !! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water where |
|---|
| 93 | !! critical temperature and moisture availability are calculated as above.\n |
|---|
| 94 | !! Trees in climatic senescence lose their fine roots at the same rate as they lose their leaves. |
|---|
| 95 | !! The rate of biomass loss of both fine roots and leaves is presribed through the equation: |
|---|
| 96 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 97 | !! \input{turnover_clim_senes_biomass_eqn4.tex} |
|---|
| 98 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 99 | !! \n |
|---|
| 100 | !! with ::leaffall(j) a PFT-dependent time constant which is given in |
|---|
| 101 | !! ::stomate_constants. In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant |
|---|
| 102 | !! (all carbon pools) except to its carbohydrate reserve. |
|---|
| 103 | !! 3. Senescence due to aging: the loss of leaves, fruits and biomass due to aging |
|---|
| 104 | !! At a certain age, leaves fall off, even if the climate would allow a green plant |
|---|
| 105 | !! all year round. Even if the meteorological conditions are favorable for leaf maintenance, |
|---|
| 106 | !! plants, and in particular, evergreen trees, have to renew their leaves simply because the |
|---|
| 107 | !! old leaves become inefficient. Roots, fruits (and stems for grasses) follow leaves. |
|---|
| 108 | !! The ??senescence?? rate varies with leaf age. Note that plant is not declared senescent |
|---|
| 109 | !! in this case (wchich is important for allocation: if the plant loses leaves because of |
|---|
| 110 | !! their age, it can renew them). The leaf turnover rate due to aging of leaves is calculated |
|---|
| 111 | !! using the following equation: |
|---|
| 112 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 113 | !! \input{turnover_age_senes_biomass_eqn5.tex} |
|---|
| 114 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 115 | !! \n |
|---|
| 116 | !! Drop all leaves if there is a very low leaf mass during senescence. After this, the biomass |
|---|
| 117 | !! of different carbon pools both for trees and grasses is set to zero and the mean leaf age |
|---|
| 118 | !! is reset to zero. Finally, the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes |
|---|
| 119 | !! is set to zero. For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped. |
|---|
| 120 | !! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected: |
|---|
| 121 | !! 4. Update the leaf biomass, leaf age class fraction and the LAI |
|---|
| 122 | !! Older leaves will fall more frequently than younger leaves and therefore the leaf age |
|---|
| 123 | !! distribution needs to be recalculated after turnover. The fraction of biomass in each |
|---|
| 124 | !! leaf class is updated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 125 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 126 | !! \input{turnover_update_LeafAgeDistribution_eqn6.tex} |
|---|
| 127 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 128 | !! \n |
|---|
| 129 | !! 5. Simulate herbivory activity and update leaf and fruits biomass. Herbivore activity |
|---|
| 130 | !! affects the biomass of leaves and fruits as well as stalks (only for grasses). |
|---|
| 131 | !! However, herbivores do not modify leaf age structure. |
|---|
| 132 | !! 6. Calculates fruit turnover for trees. Trees simply lose their fruits with a time |
|---|
| 133 | !! constant ::tau_fruit(j), that is set to 90 days for all PFTs in ::stomate_constants |
|---|
| 134 | !! 7. Convert sapwood to heartwood for trees and update heart and softwood above and |
|---|
| 135 | !! belowground biomass. Sapwood biomass is converted into heartwood biomass |
|---|
| 136 | !! with a time constant tau ::tau_sap(j) of 1 year. Note that this biomass conversion |
|---|
| 137 | !! is not added to "turnover" as the biomass is not lost. For the updated heartwood, |
|---|
| 138 | !! the sum of new heartwood above and new heartwood below after converting sapwood to |
|---|
| 139 | !! heartwood, is saved as ::hw_new(:). Creation of new heartwood decreases the age of |
|---|
| 140 | !! the plant ??carbon?? with a factor that is determined by: old heartwood ::hw_old(:) |
|---|
| 141 | !! divided by the new heartwood ::hw_new(:) |
|---|
| 142 | !! |
|---|
| 143 | !! RECENT CHANGE(S) : None |
|---|
| 144 | !! |
|---|
| 145 | !! MAIN OUTPUT VARIABLES: ::Biomass of leaves, fruits, fine roots and sapwood above (latter for grasses only), |
|---|
| 146 | !! ::Update LAI, ::Update leaf age distribution with new leaf age class fraction |
|---|
| 147 | !! |
|---|
| 148 | !! REFERENCE(S) : |
|---|
| 149 | !! - Krinner, G., N. Viovy, N. de Noblet-Ducoudre, J. Ogee, J. Polcher, P. |
|---|
| 150 | !! Friedlingstein, P. Ciais, S. Sitch and I.C. Prentice (2005), A dynamic global |
|---|
| 151 | !! vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global |
|---|
| 152 | !! Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, doi:10.1029/2003GB002199. |
|---|
| 153 | !! - McNaughton, S. J., M. Oesterheld, D. A. Frank and K. J. Williams (1989), |
|---|
| 154 | !! Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats, |
|---|
| 155 | !! Nature, 341, 142-144, 1989. |
|---|
| 156 | !! - Sitch, S., C. Huntingford, N. Gedney, P. E. Levy, M. Lomas, S. L. Piao, , Betts, R., Ciais, P., Cox, P., |
|---|
| 157 | !! Friedlingstein, P., Jones, C. D., Prentice, I. C. and F. I. Woodward : Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon |
|---|
| 158 | !! cycle, future plant geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using 5 dynamic global vegetation |
|---|
| 159 | !! models (dgvms), Global Change Biology, 14(9), 2015â2039, 2008. |
|---|
| 160 | !! |
|---|
| 161 | !! FLOWCHART : |
|---|
| 162 | !! \latexonly |
|---|
| 163 | !! \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{turnover_flowchart_1.png} |
|---|
| 164 | !! \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{turnover_flowchart_2.png} |
|---|
| 165 | !! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 166 | !! \n |
|---|
| 167 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 168 | |
|---|
| 169 | SUBROUTINE turn (npts, dt, PFTpresent, & |
|---|
| 170 | herbivores, & |
|---|
| 171 | maxmoiavail_lastyear, minmoiavail_lastyear, & |
|---|
| 172 | moiavail_week, moiavail_month, t2m_longterm, t2m_month, t2m_week, veget_cov_max, & |
|---|
| 173 | gdd_from_growthinit, leaf_age, leaf_frac, age, lai, biomass, & |
|---|
| 174 | turnover, senescence,turnover_time) |
|---|
| 175 | |
|---|
| 176 | !! 0. Variable and parameter declaration |
|---|
| 177 | |
|---|
| 178 | !! 0.1 Input variables |
|---|
| 179 | |
|---|
| 180 | INTEGER(i_std), INTENT(in) :: npts !! Domain size - number of grid cells |
|---|
| 181 | !! (unitless) |
|---|
| 182 | REAL(r_std), INTENT(in) :: dt !! time step (dt_days) |
|---|
| 183 | LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: PFTpresent !! PFT exists (true/false) |
|---|
| 184 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: herbivores !! time constant of probability of a leaf to |
|---|
| 185 | !! be eaten by a herbivore (days) |
|---|
| 186 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: maxmoiavail_lastyear !! last year's maximum moisture availability |
|---|
| 187 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 188 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: minmoiavail_lastyear !! last year's minimum moisture availability |
|---|
| 189 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 190 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_week !! "weekly" moisture availability |
|---|
| 191 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 192 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_month !! "monthly" moisture availability |
|---|
| 193 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 194 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_longterm !! "long term" 2 meter reference |
|---|
| 195 | !! temperatures (K) |
|---|
| 196 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_month !! "monthly" 2-meter temperatures (K) |
|---|
| 197 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_week !! "weekly" 2 meter temperatures (K) |
|---|
| 198 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: veget_cov_max !! "maximal" coverage fraction of a PFT (LAI |
|---|
| 199 | !! -> infinity) on ground (unitless) |
|---|
| 200 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: gdd_from_growthinit !! gdd senescence for crop |
|---|
| 201 | |
|---|
| 202 | !! 0.2 Output variables |
|---|
| 203 | |
|---|
| 204 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts,nelements), INTENT(out) :: turnover !! Turnover @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex |
|---|
| 205 | LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(out) :: senescence !! is the plant senescent? (true/false) |
|---|
| 206 | !! (interesting only for deciduous trees: |
|---|
| 207 | !! carbohydrate reserve) |
|---|
| 208 | !! 0.3 Modified variables |
|---|
| 209 | |
|---|
| 210 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_age !! age of the leaves (days) |
|---|
| 211 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_frac !! fraction of leaves in leaf age class |
|---|
| 212 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 213 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: age !! age (years) |
|---|
| 214 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: lai !! leaf area index @tex ($m^2 m^{-2}$) |
|---|
| 215 | !! @endtex |
|---|
| 216 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts,nelements), INTENT(inout) :: biomass !! biomass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex |
|---|
| 217 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: turnover_time !! turnover_time of grasses (days) |
|---|
| 218 | |
|---|
| 219 | !! 0.4 Local variables |
|---|
| 220 | |
|---|
| 221 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_meanage !! mean age of the leaves (days) |
|---|
| 222 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: dturnover !! Intermediate variable for turnover ?? |
|---|
| 223 | !! @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex |
|---|
| 224 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: moiavail_crit !! critical moisture availability, function |
|---|
| 225 | !! of last year's moisture availability |
|---|
| 226 | !! (0-1, unitless) |
|---|
| 227 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: tl !! long term annual mean temperature, (C) |
|---|
| 228 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: t_crit !! critical senescence temperature, function |
|---|
| 229 | !! of long term annual temperature (K) |
|---|
| 230 | LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts) :: shed_rest !! shed the remaining leaves? (true/false) |
|---|
| 231 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: sapconv !! Sapwood conversion @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) |
|---|
| 232 | !! @endtex |
|---|
| 233 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_old !! old heartwood mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) |
|---|
| 234 | !! @endtex |
|---|
| 235 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_new !! new heartwood mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) |
|---|
| 236 | !! @endtex |
|---|
| 237 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: lm_old !! old leaf mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex |
|---|
| 238 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nleafages) :: delta_lm !! leaf mass change for each age class @tex |
|---|
| 239 | !! ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex |
|---|
| 240 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: turnover_rate !! turnover rate (unitless) |
|---|
| 241 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_age_crit !! critical leaf age (days) |
|---|
| 242 | REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: new_turnover_time !! instantaneous turnover time (days) |
|---|
| 243 | INTEGER(i_std) :: j,m,k !! Index (unitless) |
|---|
| 244 | |
|---|
| 245 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
|---|
| 246 | |
|---|
| 247 | IF (printlev>=3) WRITE(numout,*) 'Entering turnover' |
|---|
| 248 | |
|---|
| 249 | !! 1. first call - output messages |
|---|
| 250 | |
|---|
| 251 | IF ( firstcall_turnover ) THEN |
|---|
| 252 | |
|---|
| 253 | IF (printlev >=2 ) THEN |
|---|
| 254 | WRITE(numout,*) 'turnover:' |
|---|
| 255 | WRITE(numout,*) ' > minimum mean leaf age for senescence (days) (::min_leaf_age_for_senescence) : '& |
|---|
| 256 | ,min_leaf_age_for_senescence |
|---|
| 257 | END IF |
|---|
| 258 | firstcall_turnover = .FALSE. |
|---|
| 259 | |
|---|
| 260 | |
|---|
| 261 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 262 | |
|---|
| 263 | !! 2. Initializations |
|---|
| 264 | |
|---|
| 265 | !! 2.1 set output to zero |
|---|
| 266 | turnover(:,:,:,:) = zero |
|---|
| 267 | new_turnover_time(:,:) = zero |
|---|
| 268 | senescence(:,:) = .FALSE. |
|---|
| 269 | |
|---|
| 270 | !! 2.2 Recalculate mean leaf age |
|---|
| 271 | ! Mean leaf age is recalculated from leaf ages of separate leaf age classes. Should actually be recalculated at the |
|---|
| 272 | ! end of this routine, but it does not change too fast. |
|---|
| 273 | ! The mean leaf age is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 274 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 275 | ! \input{turnover_lma_update_eqn1.tex} |
|---|
| 276 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 277 | ! \n |
|---|
| 278 | leaf_meanage(:,:) = zero |
|---|
| 279 | |
|---|
| 280 | DO m = 1, nleafages |
|---|
| 281 | leaf_meanage(:,:) = leaf_meanage(:,:) + leaf_age(:,:,m) * leaf_frac(:,:,m) |
|---|
| 282 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 283 | |
|---|
| 284 | !! 3. Climatic senescence |
|---|
| 285 | |
|---|
| 286 | ! Three different types of "climatic" leaf senescence, |
|---|
| 287 | ! that do not change the age structure. |
|---|
| 288 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 289 | |
|---|
| 290 | !! 3.1 Determine if there is climatic senescence. |
|---|
| 291 | ! The climatic senescence can be of three types: |
|---|
| 292 | ! sensitivity to cold temperatures, to lack of water, or both. If meteorological conditions are |
|---|
| 293 | ! fulfilled, a flag senescence is set to TRUE. |
|---|
| 294 | ! Evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence. |
|---|
| 295 | |
|---|
| 296 | SELECT CASE ( senescence_type(j) ) |
|---|
| 297 | |
|---|
| 298 | |
|---|
| 299 | CASE ('crop' )!for crop senescence is based on a GDD criterium as in crop models |
|---|
| 300 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 301 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 302 | ( gdd_from_growthinit(:,j) .GT. gdd_senescence(j))) |
|---|
| 303 | senescence(:,j) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 304 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 305 | |
|---|
| 306 | CASE ( 'cold' ) |
|---|
| 307 | |
|---|
| 308 | !! 3.1.1 Summergreen species: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures |
|---|
| 309 | ! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures as follows: |
|---|
| 310 | ! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero), |
|---|
| 311 | ! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence, |
|---|
| 312 | ! which is given in ::stomate_constants), |
|---|
| 313 | ! AND the monthly temperature is low enough (i.e. when monthly temperature ::t2m_month(:) is below a critical |
|---|
| 314 | ! temperature ::t_crit(:), which is calculated in this module), |
|---|
| 315 | ! AND the temperature tendency is negative (i.e. when weekly temperatures ::t2m_week(:) are lower than monthly |
|---|
| 316 | ! temperatures ::t2m_month(:)) |
|---|
| 317 | ! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE. |
|---|
| 318 | ! |
|---|
| 319 | ! The critical temperature for senescence is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 320 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 321 | ! \input{turnover_temp_crit_eqn2.tex} |
|---|
| 322 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 323 | ! \n |
|---|
| 324 | ! |
|---|
| 325 | ! Critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature |
|---|
| 326 | tl(:) = t2m_longterm(:) - ZeroCelsius |
|---|
| 327 | t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + & |
|---|
| 328 | tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + & |
|---|
| 329 | tl(:)*tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,3) |
|---|
| 330 | |
|---|
| 331 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 332 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 333 | ( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) ) |
|---|
| 334 | |
|---|
| 335 | senescence(:,j) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 336 | |
|---|
| 337 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 338 | |
|---|
| 339 | CASE ( 'dry' ) |
|---|
| 340 | |
|---|
| 341 | !! 3.1.2 Raingreen species: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability |
|---|
| 342 | ! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability as follows: |
|---|
| 343 | ! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero), |
|---|
| 344 | ! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence, |
|---|
| 345 | ! which is given in ::stomate_constants), |
|---|
| 346 | ! AND the moisture availability drops below a critical level (i.e. when weekly moisture availability |
|---|
| 347 | ! ::moiavail_week(:,j) is below a critical moisture availability ::moiavail_crit(:), |
|---|
| 348 | ! which is calculated in this module), |
|---|
| 349 | ! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE. |
|---|
| 350 | ! |
|---|
| 351 | ! The moisture availability critical level is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 352 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 353 | ! \input{turnover_moist_crit_eqn3.tex} |
|---|
| 354 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 355 | ! \n |
|---|
| 356 | moiavail_crit(:) = & |
|---|
| 357 | MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * & |
|---|
| 358 | ( maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), & |
|---|
| 359 | senescence_hum(j) ), & |
|---|
| 360 | nosenescence_hum(j) ) |
|---|
| 361 | |
|---|
| 362 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 363 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 364 | ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) ) |
|---|
| 365 | |
|---|
| 366 | senescence(:,j) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 367 | |
|---|
| 368 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 369 | |
|---|
| 370 | CASE ( 'mixed' ) |
|---|
| 371 | |
|---|
| 372 | !! 3.1.3 Mixed criterion: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water |
|---|
| 373 | ! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water availability as follows: |
|---|
| 374 | ! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero), |
|---|
| 375 | ! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence, |
|---|
| 376 | ! which is given in ::stomate_constants), |
|---|
| 377 | ! AND the moisture availability drops below a critical level (i.e. when weekly moisture availability |
|---|
| 378 | ! ::moiavail_week(:,j) is below a critical moisture availability ::moiavail_crit(:), calculated in this module), |
|---|
| 379 | ! OR |
|---|
| 380 | ! the monthly temperature is low enough (i.e. when monthly temperature ::t2m_month(:) is below a critical |
|---|
| 381 | ! temperature ::t_crit(:), calculated in this module), |
|---|
| 382 | ! AND the temperature tendency is negative (i.e. when weekly temperatures ::t2m_week(:) are lower than |
|---|
| 383 | ! monthly temperatures ::t2m_month(:)). |
|---|
| 384 | ! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE. |
|---|
| 385 | moiavail_crit(:) = & |
|---|
| 386 | MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * & |
|---|
| 387 | (maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), & |
|---|
| 388 | senescence_hum(j) ), & |
|---|
| 389 | nosenescence_hum(j) ) |
|---|
| 390 | |
|---|
| 391 | tl(:) = t2m_longterm(:) - ZeroCelsius |
|---|
| 392 | t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + & |
|---|
| 393 | tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + & |
|---|
| 394 | tl(:)*tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,3) |
|---|
| 395 | |
|---|
| 396 | IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 397 | ! critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature |
|---|
| 398 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 399 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 400 | ( ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) .OR. & |
|---|
| 401 | ( ( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) ) ) ) |
|---|
| 402 | senescence(:,j) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 403 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 404 | ELSE |
|---|
| 405 | |
|---|
| 406 | turnover_time(:,j) = max_turnover_time(j) |
|---|
| 407 | |
|---|
| 408 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 409 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 410 | ( ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ))) |
|---|
| 411 | turnover_time(:,j) = max_turnover_time(j) * & |
|---|
| 412 | (1.- (1.- (moiavail_week(:,j)/ moiavail_crit(:)))**2) |
|---|
| 413 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 414 | |
|---|
| 415 | WHERE ( turnover_time(:,j) .LT. min_turnover_time(j) ) |
|---|
| 416 | turnover_time(:,j) = min_turnover_time(j) |
|---|
| 417 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 418 | |
|---|
| 419 | WHERE ((( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 420 | ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 421 | ((t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:)) .AND. (lai(:,j) .GT. lai_max(j)/4.) .OR. & |
|---|
| 422 | (t2m_month(:) .LT. ZeroCelsius)) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ))) |
|---|
| 423 | turnover_time(:,j)= leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 424 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 425 | |
|---|
| 426 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 427 | |
|---|
| 428 | |
|---|
| 429 | !! Evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence |
|---|
| 430 | CASE ( 'none' ) |
|---|
| 431 | |
|---|
| 432 | |
|---|
| 433 | !! In case no climatic senescence type is recognized. |
|---|
| 434 | CASE default |
|---|
| 435 | |
|---|
| 436 | WRITE(numout,*) ' turnover: don''t know how to treat this PFT.' |
|---|
| 437 | WRITE(numout,*) ' number (::j) : ',j |
|---|
| 438 | WRITE(numout,*) ' senescence type (::senescence_type(j)) : ',senescence_type(j) |
|---|
| 439 | |
|---|
| 440 | CALL ipslerr_p(3,"turn","Dont know how to treat this PFT.","","") |
|---|
| 441 | |
|---|
| 442 | END SELECT |
|---|
| 443 | |
|---|
| 444 | !! 3.2 Drop leaves and roots, plus stems and fruits for grasses |
|---|
| 445 | |
|---|
| 446 | IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 447 | |
|---|
| 448 | !! 3.2.1 Trees in climatic senescence lose their fine roots at the same rate as they lose their leaves. |
|---|
| 449 | ! The rate of biomass loss of both fine roots and leaves is presribed through the equation: |
|---|
| 450 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 451 | ! \input{turnover_clim_senes_biomass_eqn4.tex} |
|---|
| 452 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 453 | ! \n |
|---|
| 454 | ! with ::leaffall(j) a PFT-dependent time constant which is given in ::stomate_constants), |
|---|
| 455 | WHERE ( senescence(:,j) ) |
|---|
| 456 | |
|---|
| 457 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 458 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 459 | |
|---|
| 460 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 461 | |
|---|
| 462 | ELSE |
|---|
| 463 | |
|---|
| 464 | !! 3.2.2 In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant |
|---|
| 465 | ! In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant (all carbon pools) except to its |
|---|
| 466 | ! carbohydrate reserve. |
|---|
| 467 | |
|---|
| 468 | IF (senescence_type(j) .EQ. 'crop') THEN |
|---|
| 469 | ! 3.2.2.1 crops with 'crop' phenological model |
|---|
| 470 | WHERE ( senescence(:,j) ) |
|---|
| 471 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 472 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 473 | turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 474 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt /leaffall(j) |
|---|
| 475 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 476 | ELSE |
|---|
| 477 | ! 3.2.2.2 grass or crops based on 'mixed' phenological model |
|---|
| 478 | WHERE (turnover_time(:,j) .LT. max_turnover_time(j)) |
|---|
| 479 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j) |
|---|
| 480 | turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j) |
|---|
| 481 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j) |
|---|
| 482 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j) |
|---|
| 483 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 484 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 485 | ENDIF ! tree/grass |
|---|
| 486 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) |
|---|
| 487 | biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) - turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) |
|---|
| 488 | biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) - turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) |
|---|
| 489 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) |
|---|
| 490 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 491 | |
|---|
| 492 | !! 4. Leaf fall |
|---|
| 493 | ! At a certain age, leaves fall off, even if the climate would allow a green plant |
|---|
| 494 | ! all year round. Even if the meteorological conditions are favorable for leaf maintenance, |
|---|
| 495 | ! plants, and in particular, evergreen trees, have to renew their leaves simply because the |
|---|
| 496 | ! old leaves become inefficient. |
|---|
| 497 | ! Roots, fruits (and stems) follow leaves. The decay rate varies with leaf age. |
|---|
| 498 | ! Note that plant is not declared senescent in this case (wchich is important for allocation: |
|---|
| 499 | ! if the plant loses leaves because of their age, it can renew them). |
|---|
| 500 | ! |
|---|
| 501 | ! The leaf turnover rate due to aging of leaves is calculated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 502 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 503 | ! \input{turnover_age_senes_biomass_eqn5.tex} |
|---|
| 504 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 505 | ! \n |
|---|
| 506 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 507 | |
|---|
| 508 | !! save old leaf mass |
|---|
| 509 | lm_old(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) |
|---|
| 510 | |
|---|
| 511 | !! initialize leaf mass change in age class |
|---|
| 512 | delta_lm(:,:) = zero |
|---|
| 513 | |
|---|
| 514 | IF ( is_tree(j) .OR. (.NOT. natural(j)) ) THEN |
|---|
| 515 | |
|---|
| 516 | !! 4.1 Trees: leaves, roots, fruits roots and fruits follow leaves. |
|---|
| 517 | |
|---|
| 518 | !! 4.1.1 Critical age: prescribed for trees |
|---|
| 519 | leaf_age_crit(:,j) = leafagecrit(j) |
|---|
| 520 | |
|---|
| 521 | ELSE |
|---|
| 522 | |
|---|
| 523 | !! 4.2 Grasses: leaves, roots, fruits, sap follow leaves. |
|---|
| 524 | |
|---|
| 525 | !! 4.2.1 Critical leaf age depends on long-term temperature |
|---|
| 526 | ! Critical leaf age depends on long-term temperature |
|---|
| 527 | ! generally, lower turnover in cooler climates. |
|---|
| 528 | leaf_age_crit(:,j) = & |
|---|
| 529 | MIN( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(1) , & |
|---|
| 530 | MAX( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(2) , & |
|---|
| 531 | leafagecrit(j) - leaf_age_crit_coeff(3) * & |
|---|
| 532 | ( t2m_longterm(:)-ZeroCelsius - leaf_age_crit_tref ) ) ) |
|---|
| 533 | |
|---|
| 534 | END IF |
|---|
| 535 | |
|---|
| 536 | ! 4.2.2 Loop over leaf age classes |
|---|
| 537 | DO m = 1, nleafages |
|---|
| 538 | |
|---|
| 539 | turnover_rate(:) = zero |
|---|
| 540 | |
|---|
| 541 | WHERE ( leaf_age(:,j,m) .GT. leaf_age_crit(:,j)/2. ) |
|---|
| 542 | |
|---|
| 543 | turnover_rate(:) = & |
|---|
| 544 | MIN( 0.99_r_std, dt / ( leaf_age_crit(:,j) * & |
|---|
| 545 | ( leaf_age_crit(:,j) / leaf_age(:,j,m) )**quatre ) ) |
|---|
| 546 | |
|---|
| 547 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 548 | |
|---|
| 549 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:) |
|---|
| 550 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 551 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 552 | |
|---|
| 553 | ! save leaf mass change |
|---|
| 554 | delta_lm(:,m) = - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 555 | |
|---|
| 556 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:) |
|---|
| 557 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 558 | biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 559 | |
|---|
| 560 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:) |
|---|
| 561 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 562 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 563 | |
|---|
| 564 | IF (.NOT. is_tree(j)) THEN |
|---|
| 565 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:) |
|---|
| 566 | turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 567 | biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 568 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 569 | |
|---|
| 570 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 571 | |
|---|
| 572 | !! 4.3 Recalculate the fraction of leaf biomass in each leaf age class. |
|---|
| 573 | ! Older leaves will fall more fast than younger leaves and therefore |
|---|
| 574 | ! the leaf age distribution needs to be recalculated after turnover. |
|---|
| 575 | ! The fraction of biomass in each leaf class is updated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 576 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 577 | ! \input{turnover_update_LeafAgeDistribution_eqn6.tex} |
|---|
| 578 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 579 | ! \n |
|---|
| 580 | ! |
|---|
| 581 | ! new fraction = new leaf mass of that fraction / new total leaf mass |
|---|
| 582 | ! = (old fraction*old total leaf mass ::lm_old(:) + biomass change of that fraction ::delta_lm(:,m) ) / |
|---|
| 583 | ! new total leaf mass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf |
|---|
| 584 | DO m = 1, nleafages |
|---|
| 585 | |
|---|
| 586 | WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. min_sechiba ) |
|---|
| 587 | leaf_frac(:,j,m) = ( leaf_frac(:,j,m)*lm_old(:) + delta_lm(:,m) ) / biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) |
|---|
| 588 | ELSEWHERE |
|---|
| 589 | leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero |
|---|
| 590 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 591 | |
|---|
| 592 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 593 | |
|---|
| 594 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 595 | |
|---|
| 596 | !! 5. New (provisional) LAI |
|---|
| 597 | ! ::lai(:,j) is determined from the leaf biomass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) and the |
|---|
| 598 | ! specific leaf surface :: sla(j) (m^2 gC^{-1}) |
|---|
| 599 | ! The leaf area index is updated using the following equation: |
|---|
| 600 | ! \latexonly |
|---|
| 601 | ! \input{turnover_update_LAI_eqn7.tex} |
|---|
| 602 | ! \endlatexonly |
|---|
| 603 | ! \n |
|---|
| 604 | |
|---|
| 605 | ! lai(:,ibare_sechiba) = zero |
|---|
| 606 | ! DO j = 2, nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 607 | ! lai(:,j) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * sla(j) |
|---|
| 608 | ! ENDDO |
|---|
| 609 | |
|---|
| 610 | !! 6. Definitely drop all leaves if there is a very low leaf mass during senescence. |
|---|
| 611 | |
|---|
| 612 | ! Both for deciduous trees and grasses same conditions are checked: |
|---|
| 613 | ! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero), |
|---|
| 614 | ! AND when senescence is set to true |
|---|
| 615 | ! AND the leaf biomass drops below a critical minimum biomass level (i.e. when it is lower than half |
|---|
| 616 | ! the minimum initial LAI ::lai_initmin(j) divided by the specific leaf area ::sla(j), |
|---|
| 617 | ! ::lai_initmin(j) is set to 0.3 in stomate_data.f90 and sla is a constant that is set to 0.015366 m2/gC), |
|---|
| 618 | ! If these conditions are met, the flag ::shed_rest(:) is set to TRUE. |
|---|
| 619 | ! |
|---|
| 620 | ! After this, the biomass of different carbon pools both for trees and grasses is set to zero |
|---|
| 621 | ! and the mean leaf age is reset to zero. |
|---|
| 622 | ! Finally, the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes is set to zero. |
|---|
| 623 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 624 | |
|---|
| 625 | shed_rest(:) = .FALSE. |
|---|
| 626 | |
|---|
| 627 | !! 6.1 For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped |
|---|
| 628 | ! For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped: fruit ::biomass(:,j,ifruit) |
|---|
| 629 | ! and fine root ::biomass(:,j,iroot) carbon pools are set to zero. |
|---|
| 630 | IF ( is_tree(j) .AND. ( senescence_type(j) .NE. 'none' ) ) THEN |
|---|
| 631 | |
|---|
| 632 | ! check whether we shed the remaining leaves |
|---|
| 633 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. & |
|---|
| 634 | ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/sla(j) ) ) |
|---|
| 635 | |
|---|
| 636 | shed_rest(:) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 637 | |
|---|
| 638 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) |
|---|
| 639 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) |
|---|
| 640 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) |
|---|
| 641 | |
|---|
| 642 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 643 | biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 644 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 645 | |
|---|
| 646 | ! reset leaf age and lai |
|---|
| 647 | leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero |
|---|
| 648 | lai(:,j) = zero |
|---|
| 649 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 650 | |
|---|
| 651 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | !! 6.2 For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected: |
|---|
| 654 | ! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected: |
|---|
| 655 | ! fruit ::biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon), fine root ::biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) and sapwood above |
|---|
| 656 | ! ::biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) carbon pools are set to zero. |
|---|
| 657 | IF ( .NOT. is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 658 | |
|---|
| 659 | ! Shed the remaining leaves if LAI very low. |
|---|
| 660 | WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. & |
|---|
| 661 | ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/sla(j) )) |
|---|
| 662 | |
|---|
| 663 | shed_rest(:) = .TRUE. |
|---|
| 664 | |
|---|
| 665 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) |
|---|
| 666 | turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) |
|---|
| 667 | turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) |
|---|
| 668 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) |
|---|
| 669 | |
|---|
| 670 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 671 | biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 672 | biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 673 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = zero |
|---|
| 674 | |
|---|
| 675 | ! reset leaf age and lai |
|---|
| 676 | leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero |
|---|
| 677 | lai(:,j) = zero |
|---|
| 678 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 679 | |
|---|
| 680 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 681 | |
|---|
| 682 | !! 6.3 Reset the leaf age structure: the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes is set to zero. |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | DO m = 1, nleafages |
|---|
| 685 | |
|---|
| 686 | WHERE ( shed_rest(:) ) |
|---|
| 687 | |
|---|
| 688 | leaf_age(:,j,m) = zero |
|---|
| 689 | leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero |
|---|
| 690 | |
|---|
| 691 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 692 | |
|---|
| 693 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 694 | |
|---|
| 695 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 696 | |
|---|
| 697 | !! 7. Herbivore activity: elephants, cows, gazelles but no lions. |
|---|
| 698 | |
|---|
| 699 | ! Herbivore activity affects the biomass of leaves and fruits as well |
|---|
| 700 | ! as stalks (only for grasses). Herbivore activity does not modify leaf |
|---|
| 701 | ! age structure. Herbivores ::herbivores(:,j) is the time constant of |
|---|
| 702 | ! probability of a leaf to be eaten by a herbivore, and is calculated in |
|---|
| 703 | ! ::stomate_season. following Mc Naughton et al. [1989]. |
|---|
| 704 | |
|---|
| 705 | IF ( ok_herbivores ) THEN |
|---|
| 706 | |
|---|
| 707 | ! If the herbivore activity is allowed (if ::ok_herbivores is true, which is set in run.def), |
|---|
| 708 | ! remove the amount of biomass consumed by herbivory from the leaf biomass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) and |
|---|
| 709 | ! the fruit biomass ::biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon). |
|---|
| 710 | ! The daily amount consumed equals the biomass multiplied by 1 day divided by the time constant ::herbivores(:,j). |
|---|
| 711 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 712 | |
|---|
| 713 | IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 714 | |
|---|
| 715 | !! For trees: only the leaves and fruit carbon pools are affected |
|---|
| 716 | |
|---|
| 717 | WHERE (biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero) |
|---|
| 718 | ! added by shilong |
|---|
| 719 | WHERE (herbivores(:,j).GT. min_sechiba) |
|---|
| 720 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j) |
|---|
| 721 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 722 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j) |
|---|
| 725 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 726 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 727 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 728 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | ELSE |
|---|
| 731 | |
|---|
| 732 | ! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools are affected: leaves, fruits and sapwood above |
|---|
| 733 | WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) |
|---|
| 734 | ! added by shilong |
|---|
| 735 | WHERE (herbivores(:,j) .GT. min_sechiba) |
|---|
| 736 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j) |
|---|
| 737 | turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 738 | biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 739 | |
|---|
| 740 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j) |
|---|
| 741 | turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 742 | biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 743 | |
|---|
| 744 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j) |
|---|
| 745 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 746 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 747 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 748 | |
|---|
| 749 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 750 | |
|---|
| 751 | ENDIF ! tree/grass? |
|---|
| 752 | |
|---|
| 753 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 754 | |
|---|
| 755 | ENDIF ! end herbivores |
|---|
| 756 | |
|---|
| 757 | !! 8. Fruit turnover for trees |
|---|
| 758 | |
|---|
| 759 | ! Fruit turnover for trees: trees simply lose their fruits with a time constant ::tau_fruit(j), |
|---|
| 760 | ! that is set to 90 days for all PFTs in ::stomate_constants |
|---|
| 761 | |
|---|
| 762 | DO k = 1,nelements |
|---|
| 763 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 764 | IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 765 | |
|---|
| 766 | dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) * dt / tau_fruit(j) |
|---|
| 767 | turnover(:,j,ifruit,k) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,k) + dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 768 | biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) - dturnover(:) |
|---|
| 769 | |
|---|
| 770 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 771 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 772 | END DO |
|---|
| 773 | |
|---|
| 774 | !! 9 Conversion of sapwood to heartwood both for aboveground and belowground sapwood and heartwood. |
|---|
| 775 | |
|---|
| 776 | ! Following LPJ (Sitch et al., 2003), sapwood biomass is converted into heartwood biomass |
|---|
| 777 | ! with a time constant tau ::tau_sap(j) of 1 year. |
|---|
| 778 | ! Note that this biomass conversion is not added to "turnover" as the biomass is not lost! |
|---|
| 779 | DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs |
|---|
| 780 | |
|---|
| 781 | IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN |
|---|
| 782 | |
|---|
| 783 | !! For the recalculation of age in 9.2 (in case the vegetation is not dynamic ie. ::ok_dgvm is FALSE), |
|---|
| 784 | !! the heartwood above and below is stored in ::hw_old(:). |
|---|
| 785 | IF ( .NOT. ok_dgvm ) THEN |
|---|
| 786 | hw_old(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,icarbon) |
|---|
| 787 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 788 | |
|---|
| 789 | !! 9.1 Calculate the rate of sapwood to heartwood conversion |
|---|
| 790 | ! Calculate the rate of sapwood to heartwood conversion with the time constant ::tau_sap(j) |
|---|
| 791 | ! and update aboveground and belowground sapwood ::biomass(:,j,isapabove) and ::biomass(:,j,isapbelow) |
|---|
| 792 | ! and heartwood ::biomass(:,j,iheartabove) and ::biomass(:,j,iheartbelow). |
|---|
| 793 | |
|---|
| 794 | DO k = 1,nelements |
|---|
| 795 | |
|---|
| 796 | ! Above the ground |
|---|
| 797 | sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) * dt / tau_sap(j) |
|---|
| 798 | biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) - sapconv(:) |
|---|
| 799 | biomass(:,j,iheartabove,k) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,k) + sapconv(:) |
|---|
| 800 | |
|---|
| 801 | ! Below the ground |
|---|
| 802 | sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) * dt / tau_sap(j) |
|---|
| 803 | biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) - sapconv(:) |
|---|
| 804 | biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,k) = biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,k) + sapconv(:) |
|---|
| 805 | |
|---|
| 806 | END DO |
|---|
| 807 | |
|---|
| 808 | !! 9.2 If the vegetation is not dynamic, the age of the plant is decreased. |
|---|
| 809 | ! The updated heartwood, the sum of new heartwood above and new heartwood below after |
|---|
| 810 | ! converting sapwood to heartwood, is saved as ::hw_new(:) . |
|---|
| 811 | ! Creation of new heartwood decreases the age of the plant with a factor that is determined by: |
|---|
| 812 | ! old heartwood ::hw_old(:) divided by the new heartwood ::hw_new(:) |
|---|
| 813 | IF ( .NOT. ok_dgvm ) THEN |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | hw_new(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,icarbon) |
|---|
| 816 | |
|---|
| 817 | WHERE ( hw_new(:) .GT. min_sechiba ) |
|---|
| 818 | |
|---|
| 819 | age(:,j) = age(:,j) * hw_old(:)/hw_new(:) |
|---|
| 820 | |
|---|
| 821 | ENDWHERE |
|---|
| 822 | |
|---|
| 823 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 824 | |
|---|
| 825 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 826 | |
|---|
| 827 | ENDDO ! loop over PFTs |
|---|
| 828 | |
|---|
| 829 | |
|---|
| 830 | CALL xios_orchidee_send_field("HERBIVORES",herbivores) |
|---|
| 831 | CALL xios_orchidee_send_field("LEAF_AGE",leaf_meanage) |
|---|
| 832 | |
|---|
| 833 | |
|---|
| 834 | ! Write mean leaf age and time constant of probability of a leaf to be eaten by a herbivore |
|---|
| 835 | ! to the stomate output file. |
|---|
| 836 | CALL histwrite_p (hist_id_stomate, 'LEAF_AGE', itime, & |
|---|
| 837 | leaf_meanage, npts*nvm, horipft_index) |
|---|
| 838 | CALL histwrite_p (hist_id_stomate, 'HERBIVORES', itime, & |
|---|
| 839 | herbivores, npts*nvm, horipft_index) |
|---|
| 840 | |
|---|
| 841 | IF (printlev>=4) WRITE(numout,*) 'Leaving turnover' |
|---|
| 842 | |
|---|
| 843 | END SUBROUTINE turn |
|---|
| 844 | |
|---|
| 845 | END MODULE stomate_turnover |
|---|
