[7541] | 1 | ! ================================================================================================================================= |
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| 2 | ! MODULE : constantes_soil_var |
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| 3 | ! |
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| 4 | ! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ listes.ipsl.fr |
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| 5 | ! |
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| 6 | ! LICENCE : IPSL (2006) |
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| 7 | ! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC |
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| 8 | ! |
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| 9 | !>\BRIEF "constantes_soil_var" module contains the parameters related to soil and hydrology. |
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| 10 | !! |
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| 11 | !!\n DESCRIPTION : The non saturated hydraulic properties are defined from the |
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| 12 | !! formulations of van Genuchten (1980) and Mualem (1976), combined as |
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| 13 | !! explained in d'Orgeval (2006). \n |
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| 14 | !! The related parameters for main soil textures (coarse, medium and fine if "fao", |
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| 15 | !! 12 USDA testures if "usda") come from Carsel and Parrish (1988). |
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| 16 | !! |
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| 17 | !! RECENT CHANGE(S): AD: mcw and mcf depend now on soil texture, based on Van Genuchten equations |
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| 18 | !! and classical matric potential values, and pcent is adapted |
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| 19 | !! November 2020 by Salma Tafasca and Agnes Ducharne : we introduce a new texture class |
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| 20 | !! for clay oxisols (cf. Tafasca, 2020, PhD thesis; Tafasca et al., in prep for GRL). |
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| 21 | !! It makes no change if we read a soil texture map with only 12 USDA classes. |
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| 22 | !! |
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| 23 | !! REFERENCE(S) : |
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| 24 | !!- Roger A.Pielke, (2002), Mesoscale meteorological modeling, Academic Press Inc. |
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| 25 | !!- Polcher, J., Laval, K., DÃŒmenil, L., Lean, J., et Rowntree, P. R. (1996). |
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| 26 | !! Comparing three land surface schemes used in general circulation models. Journal of Hydrology, 180(1-4), 373--394. |
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| 27 | !!- Ducharne, A., Laval, K., et Polcher, J. (1998). Sensitivity of the hydrological cycle |
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| 28 | !! to the parametrization of soil hydrology in a GCM. Climate Dynamics, 14, 307--327. |
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| 29 | !!- Rosnay, P. de et Polcher, J. (1999). Modelling root water uptake in a complex land surface |
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| 30 | !! scheme coupled to a GCM. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2(2/3), 239--255. |
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| 31 | !!- d'Orgeval, T. et Polcher, J. (2008). Impacts of precipitation events and land-use changes |
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| 32 | !! on West African river discharges during the years 1951--2000. Climate Dynamics, 31(2), 249--262. |
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| 33 | !!- Carsel, R. and Parrish, R.: Developing joint probability distributions of soil water |
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| 34 | !! retention characteristics, Water Resour. Res.,24, 755â769, 1988. |
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| 35 | !!- Mualem Y (1976). A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity |
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| 36 | !! of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research 12(3):513-522 |
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| 37 | !!- Van Genuchten M (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the |
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| 38 | !! hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 44(5):892-898 |
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| 39 | !!- Tafasca S. (2020). Evaluation de lâimpact des propriétés du sol sur lâhydrologie simulee dans le |
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| 40 | !! modÚle ORCHIDEE, PhD thesis, Sorbonne Universite. |
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| 41 | !!- Tafasca S., Ducharne A. and Valentin C. Accounting for soil structure in pedo-transfer functions: |
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| 42 | !! swelling vs non swelling clays. In prep for GRL. |
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| 43 | !! |
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| 44 | !! SVN : |
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| 45 | !! $HeadURL: $ |
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| 46 | !! $Date: $ |
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| 47 | !! $Revision: $ |
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| 48 | !! \n |
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| 49 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
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| 50 | |
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| 51 | MODULE constantes_soil_var |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | USE defprec |
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| 54 | USE vertical_soil_var |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: check_cwrr !! Calculate diagnostics to check the water balance in hydrol (true/false) |
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| 59 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(check_cwrr) |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | !! Number of soil classes |
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| 62 | |
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| 63 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ntext=3 !! Number of soil textures (Silt, Sand, Clay) |
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| 64 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nstm=3 !! Number of soil tiles (unitless) |
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| 65 | CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: soil_classif !! Type of classification used for the map of soil types. |
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| 66 | !! It must be consistent with soil file given by |
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| 67 | !! SOILCLASS_FILE parameter. |
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| 68 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soil_classif) |
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| 69 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_fao=3 !! For FAO Classification (unitless) |
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| 70 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_usda=13 !! For USDA Classification (unitless) |
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| 71 | INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: nscm=nscm_fao !! Default value for nscm |
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| 72 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nscm) |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | !! Parameters for soil thermodynamics |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_capa_dry = 1.80e+6 !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils |
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| 77 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 78 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_capa_dry) |
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| 79 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_cond_dry = 0.40 !! Dry soil Thermal Conductivity of soils |
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| 80 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 81 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_cond_dry) |
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| 82 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_cond = 0.3 !! Thermal Conductivity of snow |
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| 83 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 84 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_cond) |
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| 85 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_dens = 330.0 !! Snow density for the soil thermodynamics |
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| 86 | !! (kg/m3) |
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| 87 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_dens) |
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| 88 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_capa !! Heat capacity for snow |
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| 89 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 90 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_capa) |
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| 91 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: water_capa = 4.18e+6 !! Water heat capacity |
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| 92 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 93 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(water_capa) |
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| 94 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: brk_capa = 2.0e+6 !! Heat capacity of generic rock |
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| 95 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 96 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(brk_capa) |
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| 97 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: brk_cond = 3.0 !! Thermal conductivity of saturated granitic rock |
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| 98 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-1}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 99 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(brk_cond) |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: qsintcst = 0.02 !! Transforms leaf area index into size of interception reservoir |
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| 102 | !! (unitless) |
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| 103 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(qsintcst) |
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| 104 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mx_eau_nobio = 150. !! Volumetric available soil water capacity in nobio fractions |
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| 105 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-3} of soil)$ @endtex |
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| 106 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mx_eau_nobio) |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | !! Parameters specific for the CWRR hydrology. |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | !! 1. Parameters for FAO Classification |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | !! Parameters for soil type distribution |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_fao),SAVE :: soilclass_default_fao = & !! Default soil texture distribution for fao : |
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| 116 | & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20 /) !! in the following order : COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE (unitless) |
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| 117 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_fao) |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: nvan_fao = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient n (unitless) |
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| 120 | & (/ 1.89_r_std, 1.56_r_std, 1.31_r_std /) ! RK: 1/n=1-m |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: avan_fao = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient a |
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| 123 | & (/ 0.0075_r_std, 0.0036_r_std, 0.0019_r_std /) !! @tex $(mm^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcr_fao = & !! Residual volumetric water content |
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| 126 | & (/ 0.065_r_std, 0.078_r_std, 0.095_r_std /) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcs_fao = & !! Saturated volumetric water content |
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| 129 | & (/ 0.41_r_std, 0.43_r_std, 0.41_r_std /) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: ks_fao = & !! Hydraulic conductivity at saturation |
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| 132 | & (/ 1060.8_r_std, 249.6_r_std, 62.4_r_std /) !! @tex $(mm d^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | ! The max available water content is smaller when mcw and mcf depend on texture, |
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| 135 | ! so we increase pcent to a classical value of 80% |
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| 136 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: pcent_fao = & !! Fraction of saturated volumetric soil moisture |
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| 137 | & (/ 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std /) !! above which transpir is max (0-1, unitless) |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: free_drain_max_fao = & !! Max=default value of the permeability coeff |
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| 140 | & (/ 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std /) !! at the bottom of the soil (0-1, unitless) |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | !! We use the VG relationships to derive mcw and mcf depending on soil texture |
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| 143 | !! assuming that the matric potential for wilting point and field capacity is |
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| 144 | !! -150m (permanent WP) and -3.3m respectively |
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| 145 | !! (-1m for FC for the three sandy soils following Richards, L.A. and Weaver, L.R. (1944) |
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| 146 | !! Note that mcw GE mcr |
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| 147 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcf_fao = & !! Volumetric water content at field capacity |
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| 148 | & (/ 0.1218_r_std, 0.1654_r_std, 0.2697_r_std /) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mcw_fao = & !! Volumetric water content at wilting point |
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| 151 | & (/ 0.0657_r_std, 0.0884_r_std, 0.1496_r_std/) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mc_awet_fao = & !! Vol. wat. cont. above which albedo is cst |
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| 154 | & (/ 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std /) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: mc_adry_fao = & !! Vol. wat. cont. below which albedo is cst |
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| 157 | & (/ 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std /) !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: QZ_fao = & !! QUARTZ CONTENT (SOIL TYPE DEPENDENT) |
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| 160 | & (/ 0.60_r_std, 0.40_r_std, 0.35_r_std /) !! Peters et al [1998] |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: so_capa_dry_ns_fao = & !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils,J.m^{-3}.K^{-1} |
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| 163 | & (/ 1.34e+6_r_std, 1.21e+6_r_std, 1.23e+6_r_std /) !! Pielke [2002, 2013] |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | !! 2. Parameters for USDA Classification |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | !! Parameters for soil type distribution : |
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| 168 | !! Sand, Loamy Sand, Sandy Loam, Silt Loam, Silt, Loam, Sandy Clay Loam, Silty Clay Loam, Clay Loam, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay, Clay |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_usda),SAVE :: soilclass_default_usda = & !! Default soil texture distribution in the above order : |
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| 171 | & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 /) !! Thus different from "FAO"'s COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE |
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| 172 | !! which have indices 3,6,9 in the 12-texture vector |
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| 173 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_usda) |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: nvan_usda = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient n (unitless) |
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| 176 | & (/ 2.68_r_std, 2.28_r_std, 1.89_r_std, 1.41_r_std, & ! RK: 1/n=1-m |
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| 177 | & 1.37_r_std, 1.56_r_std, 1.48_r_std, 1.23_r_std, & |
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| 178 | & 1.31_r_std, 1.23_r_std, 1.09_r_std, 1.09_r_std, & |
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| 179 | & 1.552_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: avan_usda = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient a |
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| 182 | & (/ 0.0145_r_std, 0.0124_r_std, 0.0075_r_std, 0.0020_r_std, & !! @tex $(mm^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 183 | & 0.0016_r_std, 0.0036_r_std, 0.0059_r_std, 0.0010_r_std, & |
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| 184 | & 0.0019_r_std, 0.0027_r_std, 0.0005_r_std, 0.0008_r_std, & |
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| 185 | & 0.0132_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcr_usda = & !! Residual volumetric water content |
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| 188 | & (/ 0.045_r_std, 0.057_r_std, 0.065_r_std, 0.067_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 189 | & 0.034_r_std, 0.078_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.089_r_std, & |
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| 190 | & 0.095_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.070_r_std, 0.068_r_std, & |
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| 191 | & 0.068_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcs_usda = & !! Saturated volumetric water content |
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| 194 | & (/ 0.43_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.45_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 195 | & 0.46_r_std, 0.43_r_std, 0.39_r_std, 0.43_r_std, & |
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| 196 | & 0.41_r_std, 0.38_r_std, 0.36_r_std, 0.38_r_std, & |
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| 197 | & 0.503_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: ks_usda = & !! Hydraulic conductivity at saturation |
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| 200 | & (/ 7128.0_r_std, 3501.6_r_std, 1060.8_r_std, 108.0_r_std, & !! @tex $(mm d^{-1})$ @endtex |
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| 201 | & 60.0_r_std, 249.6_r_std, 314.4_r_std, 16.8_r_std, & |
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| 202 | & 62.4_r_std, 28.8_r_std, 4.8_r_std, 48.0_r_std, & |
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| 203 | & 6131.4_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: pcent_usda = & !! Fraction of saturated volumetric soil moisture |
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| 206 | & (/ 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & !! above which transpir is max (0-1, unitless) |
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| 207 | & 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & |
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| 208 | & 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & |
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| 209 | & 0.8_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 210 | |
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| 211 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: free_drain_max_usda = & !! Max=default value of the permeability coeff |
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| 212 | & (/ 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & !! at the bottom of the soil (0-1, unitless) |
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| 213 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & |
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| 214 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & |
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| 215 | & 1.0_r_std /) |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcf_usda = & !! Volumetric water content at field capacity |
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| 218 | & (/ 0.0493_r_std, 0.0710_r_std, 0.1218_r_std, 0.2402_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 219 | 0.2582_r_std, 0.1654_r_std, 0.1695_r_std, 0.3383_r_std, & |
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| 220 | 0.2697_r_std, 0.2672_r_std, 0.3370_r_std, 0.3469_r_std, & |
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| 221 | 0.172_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcw_usda = & !! Volumetric water content at wilting point |
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| 224 | & (/ 0.0450_r_std, 0.0570_r_std, 0.0657_r_std, 0.1039_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 225 | 0.0901_r_std, 0.0884_r_std, 0.1112_r_std, 0.1967_r_std, & |
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| 226 | 0.1496_r_std, 0.1704_r_std, 0.2665_r_std, 0.2707_r_std, & |
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| 227 | 0.075_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_awet_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. above which albedo is cst |
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| 230 | & (/ 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 231 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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| 232 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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| 233 | & 0.25_r_std /) |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_adry_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. below which albedo is cst |
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| 236 | & (/ 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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| 237 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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| 238 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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| 239 | & 0.1_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: QZ_usda = & !! QUARTZ CONTENT (SOIL TYPE DEPENDENT) |
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| 242 | & (/ 0.92_r_std, 0.82_r_std, 0.60_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & !! Peters et al [1998] |
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| 243 | & 0.10_r_std, 0.40_r_std, 0.60_r_std, 0.10_r_std, & |
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| 244 | & 0.35_r_std, 0.52_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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| 245 | & 0.25_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: so_capa_dry_ns_usda = & !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils,J.m^{-3}.K^{-1} |
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| 248 | & (/ 1.47e+6_r_std, 1.41e+6_r_std, 1.34e+6_r_std, 1.27e+6_r_std, & !! Pielke [2002, 2013] |
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| 249 | & 1.21e+6_r_std, 1.21e+6_r_std, 1.18e+6_r_std, 1.32e+6_r_std, & |
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| 250 | & 1.23e+6_r_std, 1.18e+6_r_std, 1.15e+6_r_std, 1.09e+6_r_std, & |
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| 251 | & 1.09e+6_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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| 252 | |
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| 253 | !! Parameters for the numerical scheme used by CWRR |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imin = 1 !! Start for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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| 256 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbint = 50 !! Number of interval for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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| 257 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imax = nbint+1 !! Number of points for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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| 258 | REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: w_time = 1.0_r_std !! Time weighting for CWRR numerical integration (unitless) |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in thermosoil : |
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| 262 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_Ecorr !! Flag for energy conservation correction |
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| 263 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_Ecorr) |
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| 264 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_thermix !! Flag to activate thermal part of the soil freezing scheme |
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| 265 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_thermix) |
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| 266 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_thaw_latent_heat !! Flag to activate latent heat part of the soil freezing scheme |
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| 267 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_thaw_latent_heat) |
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| 268 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: read_reftemp !! Flag to initialize soil temperature using climatological temperature |
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| 269 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(read_reftemp) |
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| 270 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fr_dT !! Freezing window (K) |
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| 271 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fr_dT) |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in hydrol : |
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| 274 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_cwrr !! CWRR freezing scheme by I. Gouttevin |
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| 275 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_cwrr) |
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| 276 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_thermodynamical_freezing !! Calculate frozen fraction thermodynamically |
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| 277 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_thermodynamical_freezing) |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | END MODULE constantes_soil_var |
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