1 | ! ================================================================================================================================= |
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2 | ! MODULE : constantes_soil_var |
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3 | ! |
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4 | ! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ listes.ipsl.fr |
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5 | ! |
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6 | ! LICENCE : IPSL (2006) |
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7 | ! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC |
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8 | ! |
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9 | !>\BRIEF "constantes_soil_var" module contains the parameters related to soil and hydrology. |
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10 | !! |
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11 | !!\n DESCRIPTION : The non saturated hydraulic properties are defined from the |
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12 | !! formulations of van Genuchten (1980) and Mualem (1976), combined as |
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13 | !! explained in d'Orgeval (2006). \n |
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14 | !! The related parameters for main soil textures (coarse, medium and fine if "fao", |
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15 | !! 12 USDA testures if "usda") come from Carsel and Parrish (1988). |
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16 | !! |
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17 | !! RECENT CHANGE(S): AD: mcw and mcf depend now on soil texture, based on Van Genuchten equations |
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18 | !! and classical matric potential values, and pcent is adapted |
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19 | !! November 2020 by Salma Tafasca and Agnes Ducharne : we introduce a new texture class |
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20 | !! for clay oxisols (cf. Tafasca, 2020, PhD thesis; Tafasca et al., in prep for GRL). |
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21 | !! It makes no change if we read a soil texture map with only 12 USDA classes. |
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22 | !! Lookup tables for Zobler replaces by pointer to read the corresponding values in the |
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23 | !! 13-value USDA tables |
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24 | !! |
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25 | !! REFERENCE(S) : |
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26 | !!- Roger A.Pielke, (2002), Mesoscale meteorological modeling, Academic Press Inc. |
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27 | !!- Polcher, J., Laval, K., DÃŒmenil, L., Lean, J., et Rowntree, P. R. (1996). |
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28 | !! Comparing three land surface schemes used in general circulation models. Journal of Hydrology, 180(1-4), 373--394. |
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29 | !!- Ducharne, A., Laval, K., et Polcher, J. (1998). Sensitivity of the hydrological cycle |
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30 | !! to the parametrization of soil hydrology in a GCM. Climate Dynamics, 14, 307--327. |
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31 | !!- Rosnay, P. de et Polcher, J. (1999). Modelling root water uptake in a complex land surface |
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32 | !! scheme coupled to a GCM. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2(2/3), 239--255. |
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33 | !!- d'Orgeval, T. et Polcher, J. (2008). Impacts of precipitation events and land-use changes |
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34 | !! on West African river discharges during the years 1951--2000. Climate Dynamics, 31(2), 249--262. |
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35 | !!- Carsel, R. and Parrish, R.: Developing joint probability distributions of soil water |
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36 | !! retention characteristics, Water Resour. Res.,24, 755â769, 1988. |
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37 | !!- Mualem Y (1976). A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity |
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38 | !! of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research 12(3):513-522 |
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39 | !!- Van Genuchten M (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the |
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40 | !! hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 44(5):892-898 |
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41 | !!- Tafasca S. (2020). Evaluation de lâimpact des propriétés du sol sur lâhydrologie simulee dans le |
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42 | !! modÚle ORCHIDEE, PhD thesis, Sorbonne Universite. |
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43 | !!- Tafasca S., Ducharne A. and Valentin C. Accounting for soil structure in pedo-transfer functions: |
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44 | !! swelling vs non swelling clays. In prep for GRL. |
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45 | !! |
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46 | !! SVN : |
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47 | !! $HeadURL: $ |
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48 | !! $Date: $ |
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49 | !! $Revision: $ |
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50 | !! \n |
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51 | !_ ================================================================================================================================ |
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52 | |
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53 | MODULE constantes_soil_var |
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54 | |
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55 | USE defprec |
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56 | USE vertical_soil_var |
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57 | |
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58 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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59 | |
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60 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: check_cwrr !! Calculate diagnostics to check the water balance in hydrol (true/false) |
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61 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(check_cwrr) |
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62 | |
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63 | !! Number of soil classes |
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64 | |
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65 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: ntext=3 !! Number of soil textures (Silt, Sand, Clay) |
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66 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nstm=3 !! Number of soil tiles (unitless) |
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67 | CHARACTER(LEN=30) :: soil_classif !! Type of classification used for the map of soil types. |
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68 | !! It must be consistent with soil file given by |
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69 | !! SOILCLASS_FILE parameter. |
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70 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soil_classif) |
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71 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_fao=3 !! For FAO Classification (unitless) |
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72 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nscm_usda=13 !! For USDA Classification (unitless) |
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73 | INTEGER(i_std), SAVE :: nscm=nscm_fao !! Default value for nscm |
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74 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(nscm) |
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75 | |
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76 | !! Parameters for soil thermodynamics |
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77 | |
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78 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_capa_dry = 1.80e+6 !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils |
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79 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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80 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_capa_dry) |
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81 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: so_cond_dry = 0.40 !! Dry soil Thermal Conductivity of soils |
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82 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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83 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(so_cond_dry) |
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84 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_cond = 0.3 !! Thermal Conductivity of snow |
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85 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-2}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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86 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_cond) |
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87 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_dens = 330.0 !! Snow density for the soil thermodynamics |
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88 | !! (kg/m3) |
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89 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_dens) |
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90 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: sn_capa !! Heat capacity for snow |
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91 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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92 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(sn_capa) |
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93 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: water_capa = 4.18e+6 !! Water heat capacity |
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94 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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95 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(water_capa) |
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96 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: brk_capa = 2.0e+6 !! Heat capacity of generic rock |
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97 | !! @tex $(J.m^{-3}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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98 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(brk_capa) |
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99 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: brk_cond = 3.0 !! Thermal conductivity of saturated granitic rock |
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100 | !! @tex $(W.m^{-1}.K^{-1})$ @endtex |
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101 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(brk_cond) |
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102 | |
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103 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: qsintcst = 0.02 !! Transforms leaf area index into size of interception reservoir |
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104 | !! (unitless) |
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105 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(qsintcst) |
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106 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: mx_eau_nobio = 150. !! Volumetric available soil water capacity in nobio fractions |
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107 | !! @tex $(kg.m^{-3} of soil)$ @endtex |
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108 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(mx_eau_nobio) |
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109 | |
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110 | !! Parameters specific for the CWRR hydrology. |
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111 | |
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112 | !! 1. Parameters for FAO-Zobler Map |
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113 | |
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114 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_fao) :: fao2usda = (/ 3,6,9 /) !! To find the values of Coarse, Medium, Fine in Zobler map |
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115 | !! from the USDA lookup tables |
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116 | |
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117 | !!$ REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_fao),SAVE :: soilclass_default_fao = & !! Default soil texture distribution for fao : |
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118 | !!$ & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20 /) !! in the following order : COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE (unitless) |
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119 | !!$!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_fao) |
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120 | |
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121 | !! 2. Parameters for USDA Classification |
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122 | |
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123 | !! Parameters for soil type distribution : |
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124 | !! Sand, Loamy Sand, Sandy Loam, Silt Loam, Silt, Loam, Sandy Clay Loam, Silty Clay Loam, Clay Loam, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay, Clay |
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125 | |
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126 | ! AD-Warning: I don't understand correctly the use of soilclass_default; when removing the _fao vectors, the default texture in |
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127 | ! Greenland, where the Zobler map has no data, were changed, even when having 0.28 at the 3rd place below |
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128 | ! I kept the original soilclass_default_usda to keep the Reynolds map unchanged |
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129 | |
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130 | REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_usda),SAVE :: soilclass_default_usda = & !! Default soil texture distribution in the above order : |
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131 | & (/ 0.28, 0.52, 0.20, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 /) !! Thus different from "FAO"'s COARSE, MEDIUM, FINE |
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132 | !! which have indices 3,6,9 in the 12-texture vector |
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133 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_usda) |
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134 | |
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135 | !!$ REAL(r_std),DIMENSION(nscm_usda),SAVE :: soilclass_default_usda = & !! Default soil texture distribution, to be coherent with the |
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136 | !!$ & (/ 0.0, 0.0, 0.28, 0.0, 0.0, 0.52, 0.0, 0.0, 0.20, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 /) !! original FAO/Zobler values |
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137 | !!$ !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(soilclass_default_usda) |
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138 | |
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139 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: nvan_usda = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient n (unitless) |
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140 | & (/ 2.68_r_std, 2.28_r_std, 1.89_r_std, 1.41_r_std, & ! RK: 1/n=1-m |
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141 | & 1.37_r_std, 1.56_r_std, 1.48_r_std, 1.23_r_std, & |
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142 | & 1.31_r_std, 1.23_r_std, 1.09_r_std, 1.09_r_std, & |
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143 | & 1.552_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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144 | |
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145 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: avan_usda = & !! Van Genuchten coefficient a |
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146 | & (/ 0.0145_r_std, 0.0124_r_std, 0.0075_r_std, 0.0020_r_std, & !! @tex $(mm^{-1})$ @endtex |
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147 | & 0.0016_r_std, 0.0036_r_std, 0.0059_r_std, 0.0010_r_std, & |
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148 | & 0.0019_r_std, 0.0027_r_std, 0.0005_r_std, 0.0008_r_std, & |
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149 | & 0.0132_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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150 | |
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151 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcr_usda = & !! Residual volumetric water content |
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152 | & (/ 0.045_r_std, 0.057_r_std, 0.065_r_std, 0.067_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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153 | & 0.034_r_std, 0.078_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.089_r_std, & |
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154 | & 0.095_r_std, 0.100_r_std, 0.070_r_std, 0.068_r_std, & |
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155 | & 0.068_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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156 | |
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157 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcs_usda = & !! Saturated volumetric water content |
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158 | & (/ 0.43_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.41_r_std, 0.45_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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159 | & 0.46_r_std, 0.43_r_std, 0.39_r_std, 0.43_r_std, & |
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160 | & 0.41_r_std, 0.38_r_std, 0.36_r_std, 0.38_r_std, & |
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161 | & 0.503_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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162 | |
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163 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: ks_usda = & !! Hydraulic conductivity at saturation |
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164 | & (/ 7128.0_r_std, 3501.6_r_std, 1060.8_r_std, 108.0_r_std, & !! @tex $(mm d^{-1})$ @endtex |
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165 | & 60.0_r_std, 249.6_r_std, 314.4_r_std, 16.8_r_std, & |
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166 | & 62.4_r_std, 28.8_r_std, 4.8_r_std, 48.0_r_std, & |
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167 | & 6131.4_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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168 | |
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169 | ! The max available water content is smaller when mcw and mcf depend on texture, |
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170 | ! so we increase pcent to a classical value of 80% |
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171 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: pcent_usda = & !! Fraction of saturated volumetric soil moisture |
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172 | & (/ 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & !! above which transpir is max (0-1, unitless) |
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173 | & 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & |
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174 | & 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, 0.8_r_std, & |
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175 | & 0.8_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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176 | |
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177 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: free_drain_max_usda = & !! Max=default value of the permeability coeff |
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178 | & (/ 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & !! at the bottom of the soil (0-1, unitless) |
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179 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & |
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180 | & 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, 1.0_r_std, & |
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181 | & 1.0_r_std /) |
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182 | |
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183 | !! We use the VG relationships to derive mcw and mcf depending on soil texture |
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184 | !! assuming that the matric potential for wilting point and field capacity is |
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185 | !! -150m (permanent WP) and -3.3m respectively |
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186 | !! (-1m for FC for the three sandy soils following Richards, L.A. and Weaver, L.R. (1944) |
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187 | !! Note that mcw GE mcr |
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188 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcf_usda = & !! Volumetric water content at field capacity |
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189 | & (/ 0.0493_r_std, 0.0710_r_std, 0.1218_r_std, 0.2402_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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190 | 0.2582_r_std, 0.1654_r_std, 0.1695_r_std, 0.3383_r_std, & |
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191 | 0.2697_r_std, 0.2672_r_std, 0.3370_r_std, 0.3469_r_std, & |
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192 | 0.172_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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193 | |
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194 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mcw_usda = & !! Volumetric water content at wilting point |
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195 | & (/ 0.0450_r_std, 0.0570_r_std, 0.0657_r_std, 0.1039_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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196 | 0.0901_r_std, 0.0884_r_std, 0.1112_r_std, 0.1967_r_std, & |
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197 | 0.1496_r_std, 0.1704_r_std, 0.2665_r_std, 0.2707_r_std, & |
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198 | 0.075_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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199 | |
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200 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_awet_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. above which albedo is cst |
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201 | & (/ 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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202 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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203 | & 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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204 | & 0.25_r_std /) |
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205 | |
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206 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: mc_adry_usda = & !! Vol. wat. cont. below which albedo is cst |
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207 | & (/ 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & !! @tex $(m^{3} m^{-3})$ @endtex |
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208 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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209 | & 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, 0.1_r_std, & |
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210 | & 0.1_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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211 | |
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212 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: QZ_usda = & !! QUARTZ CONTENT (SOIL TYPE DEPENDENT) |
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213 | & (/ 0.92_r_std, 0.82_r_std, 0.60_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & !! Peters et al [1998] |
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214 | & 0.10_r_std, 0.40_r_std, 0.60_r_std, 0.10_r_std, & |
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215 | & 0.35_r_std, 0.52_r_std, 0.10_r_std, 0.25_r_std, & |
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216 | & 0.25_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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217 | |
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218 | REAL(r_std),PARAMETER,DIMENSION(nscm_usda) :: so_capa_dry_ns_usda = & !! Dry soil Heat capacity of soils,J.m^{-3}.K^{-1} |
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219 | & (/ 1.47e+6_r_std, 1.41e+6_r_std, 1.34e+6_r_std, 1.27e+6_r_std, & !! Pielke [2002, 2013] |
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220 | & 1.21e+6_r_std, 1.21e+6_r_std, 1.18e+6_r_std, 1.32e+6_r_std, & |
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221 | & 1.23e+6_r_std, 1.18e+6_r_std, 1.15e+6_r_std, 1.09e+6_r_std, & |
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222 | & 1.09e+6_r_std /) ! oxisols |
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223 | |
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224 | !! Parameters for the numerical scheme used by CWRR |
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225 | |
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226 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imin = 1 !! Start for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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227 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: nbint = 50 !! Number of interval for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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228 | INTEGER(i_std), PARAMETER :: imax = nbint+1 !! Number of points for CWRR linearisation (unitless) |
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229 | REAL(r_std), PARAMETER :: w_time = 1.0_r_std !! Time weighting for CWRR numerical integration (unitless) |
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230 | |
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231 | |
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232 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in thermosoil : |
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233 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_Ecorr !! Flag for energy conservation correction |
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234 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_Ecorr) |
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235 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_thermix !! Flag to activate thermal part of the soil freezing scheme |
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236 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_thermix) |
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237 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_thaw_latent_heat !! Flag to activate latent heat part of the soil freezing scheme |
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238 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_thaw_latent_heat) |
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239 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: read_reftemp !! Flag to initialize soil temperature using climatological temperature |
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240 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(read_reftemp) |
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241 | REAL(r_std), SAVE :: fr_dT !! Freezing window (K) |
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242 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(fr_dT) |
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243 | |
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244 | !! Variables related to soil freezing, in hydrol : |
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245 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_freeze_cwrr !! CWRR freezing scheme by I. Gouttevin |
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246 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_freeze_cwrr) |
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247 | LOGICAL, SAVE :: ok_thermodynamical_freezing !! Calculate frozen fraction thermodynamically |
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248 | !$OMP THREADPRIVATE(ok_thermodynamical_freezing) |
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249 | |
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250 | |
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251 | END MODULE constantes_soil_var |
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