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source: branches/ORCHIDEE_3_CMIP6/ORCHIDEE/src_stomate/stomate_turnover.f90 @ 8367

Last change on this file since 8367 was 6863, checked in by nicolas.vuichard, 4 years ago
correction of r6862
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1	! =================================================================================================================================
2	! MODULE : stomate_turnover.f90
3	!
4	! CONTACT : orchidee-help _at_ listes.ipsl.fr
5	!
6	! LICENCE : IPSL (2006)
7	! This software is governed by the CeCILL licence see ORCHIDEE/ORCHIDEE_CeCILL.LIC
8	!
9	!>\BRIEF This module manages the end of the growing season and calculates herbivory and turnover of leaves, fruits, fine roots.
10	!!
11	!!\n DESCRIPTION: This subroutine calculates leaf senescence due to climatic conditions or as a
12	!! function of leaf age and new LAI, and subsequent turnover of the different plant biomass compartments (sections 1 to 6),
13	!! herbivory (section 7), fruit turnover for trees (section 8) and sapwood conversion (section 9).
14	!!
15	!! RECENT CHANGE(S): None
16	!!
17	!! SVN :
18	!! $HeadURL$
19	!! $Date$
20	!! $Revision$
21	!! \n
22	!_ ================================================================================================================================
23
24	MODULE stomate_turnover
25
26	! modules used:
27	USE xios_orchidee
28	USE ioipsl_para
29	USE stomate_data
30	USE constantes
31	USE pft_parameters
32
33	IMPLICIT NONE
34
35	! private & public routines
36
37	PRIVATE
38	PUBLIC turn, turn_clear
39
40	LOGICAL, SAVE :: firstcall_turnover = .TRUE. !! first call (true/false)
41	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE(firstcall_turnover)
42
43	CONTAINS
44
45
46	!! ================================================================================================================================
47	!! SUBROUTINE : turn_clear
48	!!
49	!>\BRIEF Set flag ::firstcall_turnover to .TRUE., and therefore activate section 1
50	!! of subroutine turn which writes a message to the output.
51	!!
52	!_ ================================================================================================================================
53
54	SUBROUTINE turn_clear
55	firstcall_turnover=.TRUE.
56	END SUBROUTINE turn_clear
57
58
59	!! ================================================================================================================================
60	!! SUBROUTINE : turn
61	!!
62	!>\BRIEF Calculate turnover of leaves, roots, fruits and sapwood due to aging or climatic
63	!! induced senescence. Calculate herbivory.
64	!!
65	!! DESCRIPTION : This subroutine determines the turnover of leaves and fine roots (and stems for grasses)
66	!! and simulates following processes:
67	!! 1. Mean leaf age is calculated from leaf ages of separate leaf age classes. Should actually
68	!! be recalculated at the end of the routine, but it does not change too fast. The mean leaf
69	!! age is calculated using the following equation:
70	!! \latexonly
71	!! \input{turnover_lma_update_eqn1.tex}
72	!! \endlatexonly
73	!! \n
74	!! 2. Meteorological senescence: the detection of the end of the growing season and shedding
75	!! of leaves, fruits and fine roots due to unfavourable meteorological conditions.
76	!! The model distinguishes three different types of "climatic" leaf senescence, that do not
77	!! change the age structure: sensitivity to cold temperatures, to lack of water, or both.
78	!! If meteorological conditions are fulfilled, a flag ::senescence is set to TRUE. Note
79	!! that evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence.
80	!! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures where the critical
81	!! temperature for senescence is calculated using the following equation:
82	!! \latexonly
83	!! \input{turnover_temp_crit_eqn2.tex}
84	!! \endlatexonly
85	!! \n
86	!! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability where the
87	!! moisture availability critical level is calculated using the following equation:
88	!! \latexonly
89	!! \input{turnover_moist_crit_eqn3.tex}
90	!! \endlatexonly
91	!! \n
92	!! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water where
93	!! critical temperature and moisture availability are calculated as above.\n
94	!! Trees in climatic senescence lose their fine roots at the same rate as they lose their leaves.
95	!! The rate of biomass loss of both fine roots and leaves is presribed through the equation:
96	!! \latexonly
97	!! \input{turnover_clim_senes_biomass_eqn4.tex}
98	!! \endlatexonly
99	!! \n
100	!! with ::leaffall(j) a PFT-dependent time constant which is given in
101	!! ::stomate_constants. In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant
102	!! (all carbon pools) except to its carbohydrate reserve.
103	!! 3. Senescence due to aging: the loss of leaves, fruits and biomass due to aging
104	!! At a certain age, leaves fall off, even if the climate would allow a green plant
105	!! all year round. Even if the meteorological conditions are favorable for leaf maintenance,
106	!! plants, and in particular, evergreen trees, have to renew their leaves simply because the
107	!! old leaves become inefficient. Roots, fruits (and stems for grasses) follow leaves.
108	!! The ??senescence?? rate varies with leaf age. Note that plant is not declared senescent
109	!! in this case (wchich is important for allocation: if the plant loses leaves because of
110	!! their age, it can renew them). The leaf turnover rate due to aging of leaves is calculated
111	!! using the following equation:
112	!! \latexonly
113	!! \input{turnover_age_senes_biomass_eqn5.tex}
114	!! \endlatexonly
115	!! \n
116	!! Drop all leaves if there is a very low leaf mass during senescence. After this, the biomass
117	!! of different carbon pools both for trees and grasses is set to zero and the mean leaf age
118	!! is reset to zero. Finally, the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes
119	!! is set to zero. For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped.
120	!! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected:
121	!! 4. Update the leaf biomass, leaf age class fraction and the LAI
122	!! Older leaves will fall more frequently than younger leaves and therefore the leaf age
123	!! distribution needs to be recalculated after turnover. The fraction of biomass in each
124	!! leaf class is updated using the following equation:
125	!! \latexonly
126	!! \input{turnover_update_LeafAgeDistribution_eqn6.tex}
127	!! \endlatexonly
128	!! \n
129	!! 5. Simulate herbivory activity and update leaf and fruits biomass. Herbivore activity
130	!! affects the biomass of leaves and fruits as well as stalks (only for grasses).
131	!! However, herbivores do not modify leaf age structure.
132	!! 6. Calculates fruit turnover for trees. Trees simply lose their fruits with a time
133	!! constant ::tau_fruit(j), that is set to 90 days for all PFTs in ::stomate_constants
134	!! 7. Convert sapwood to heartwood for trees and update heart and softwood above and
135	!! belowground biomass. Sapwood biomass is converted into heartwood biomass
136	!! with a time constant tau ::tau_sap(j) of 1 year. Note that this biomass conversion
137	!! is not added to "turnover" as the biomass is not lost. For the updated heartwood,
138	!! the sum of new heartwood above and new heartwood below after converting sapwood to
139	!! heartwood, is saved as ::hw_new(:). Creation of new heartwood decreases the age of
140	!! the plant ??carbon?? with a factor that is determined by: old heartwood ::hw_old(:)
141	!! divided by the new heartwood ::hw_new(:)
142	!!
143	!! RECENT CHANGE(S) : None
144	!!
145	!! MAIN OUTPUT VARIABLES: ::Biomass of leaves, fruits, fine roots and sapwood above (latter for grasses only),
146	!! ::Update LAI, ::Update leaf age distribution with new leaf age class fraction
147	!!
148	!! REFERENCE(S) :
149	!! - Krinner, G., N. Viovy, N. de Noblet-Ducoudre, J. Ogee, J. Polcher, P.
150	!! Friedlingstein, P. Ciais, S. Sitch and I.C. Prentice (2005), A dynamic global
151	!! vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system, Global
152	!! Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, doi:10.1029/2003GB002199.
153	!! - McNaughton, S. J., M. Oesterheld, D. A. Frank and K. J. Williams (1989),
154	!! Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats,
155	!! Nature, 341, 142-144, 1989.
156	!! - Sitch, S., C. Huntingford, N. Gedney, P. E. Levy, M. Lomas, S. L. Piao, , Betts, R., Ciais, P., Cox, P.,
157	!! Friedlingstein, P., Jones, C. D., Prentice, I. C. and F. I. Woodward : Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon
158	!! cycle, future plant geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using 5 dynamic global vegetation
159	!! models (dgvms), Global Change Biology, 14(9), 2015â2039, 2008.
160	!!
161	!! FLOWCHART :
162	!! \latexonly
163	!! \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{turnover_flowchart_1.png}
164	!! \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{turnover_flowchart_2.png}
165	!! \endlatexonly
166	!! \n
167	!_ ================================================================================================================================
168
169	SUBROUTINE turn (npts, dt, PFTpresent, &
170	herbivores, &
171	maxmoiavail_lastyear, minmoiavail_lastyear, &
172	moiavail_week, moiavail_month, t2m_longterm, t2m_month, t2m_week, veget_cov_max, &
173	gdd_from_growthinit, leaf_age, leaf_frac, age, lai, biomass, &
174	turnover, senescence,turnover_time,when_growthinit)
175
176	!! 0. Variable and parameter declaration
177
178	!! 0.1 Input variables
179
180	INTEGER(i_std), INTENT(in) :: npts !! Domain size - number of grid cells
181	!! (unitless)
182	REAL(r_std), INTENT(in) :: dt !! time step (dt_days)
183	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: PFTpresent !! PFT exists (true/false)
184	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: herbivores !! time constant of probability of a leaf to
185	!! be eaten by a herbivore (days)
186	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: maxmoiavail_lastyear !! last year's maximum moisture availability
187	!! (0-1, unitless)
188	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: minmoiavail_lastyear !! last year's minimum moisture availability
189	!! (0-1, unitless)
190	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_week !! "weekly" moisture availability
191	!! (0-1, unitless)
192	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: moiavail_month !! "monthly" moisture availability
193	!! (0-1, unitless)
194	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_longterm !! "long term" 2 meter reference
195	!! temperatures (K)
196	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_month !! "monthly" 2-meter temperatures (K)
197	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts), INTENT(in) :: t2m_week !! "weekly" 2 meter temperatures (K)
198	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: veget_cov_max !! "maximal" coverage fraction of a PFT (LAI
199	!! -> infinity) on ground (unitless)
200	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: gdd_from_growthinit !! gdd senescence for crop
201
202	!! 0.2 Output variables
203
204	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts,nelements), INTENT(out) :: turnover !! Turnover @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex
205	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(out) :: senescence !! is the plant senescent? (true/false)
206	!! (interesting only for deciduous trees:
207	!! carbohydrate reserve)
208	!! 0.3 Modified variables
209
210	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_age !! age of the leaves (days)
211	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nleafages), INTENT(inout) :: leaf_frac !! fraction of leaves in leaf age class
212	!! (0-1, unitless)
213	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: age !! age (years)
214	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: lai !! leaf area index @tex ($m^2 m^{-2}$)
215	!! @endtex
216	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm,nparts,nelements), INTENT(inout) :: biomass !! biomass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex
217	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(inout) :: turnover_time !! turnover_time of grasses (days)
218	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm), INTENT(in) :: when_growthinit !! how many days since the
219	!! beginning of the growing season
220	!! (days)
221
222	!! 0.4 Local variables
223
224	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_meanage !! mean age of the leaves (days)
225	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: dturnover !! Intermediate variable for turnover ??
226	!! @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex
227	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: moiavail_crit !! critical moisture availability, function
228	!! of last year's moisture availability
229	!! (0-1, unitless)
230	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: tl !! long term annual mean temperature, (C)
231	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: t_crit !! critical senescence temperature, function
232	!! of long term annual temperature (K)
233	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(npts) :: shed_rest !! shed the remaining leaves? (true/false)
234	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: sapconv !! Sapwood conversion @tex ($gC m^{-2}$)
235	!! @endtex
236	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_old !! old heartwood mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$)
237	!! @endtex
238	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: hw_new !! new heartwood mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$)
239	!! @endtex
240	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: lm_old !! old leaf mass @tex ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex
241	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nleafages) :: delta_lm !! leaf mass change for each age class @tex
242	!! ($gC m^{-2}$) @endtex
243	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts) :: turnover_rate !! turnover rate (unitless)
244	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: leaf_age_crit !! critical leaf age (days)
245	REAL(r_std), DIMENSION(npts,nvm) :: new_turnover_time !! instantaneous turnover time (days)
246	INTEGER(i_std) :: j,m,k !! Index (unitless)
247
248	!_ ================================================================================================================================
249
250	IF (printlev>=3) WRITE(numout,*) 'Entering turnover'
251
252	!! 1. first call - output messages
253
254	IF ( firstcall_turnover ) THEN
255
256	IF (printlev >=2 ) THEN
257	WRITE(numout,*) 'turnover:'
258	WRITE(numout,*) ' > minimum mean leaf age for senescence (days) (::min_leaf_age_for_senescence) : '&
259	,min_leaf_age_for_senescence
260	END IF
261	firstcall_turnover = .FALSE.
262
263
264	ENDIF
265
266	!! 2. Initializations
267
268	!! 2.1 set output to zero
269	turnover(:,:,:,:) = zero
270	new_turnover_time(:,:) = zero
271	senescence(:,:) = .FALSE.
272
273	!! 2.2 Recalculate mean leaf age
274	! Mean leaf age is recalculated from leaf ages of separate leaf age classes. Should actually be recalculated at the
275	! end of this routine, but it does not change too fast.
276	! The mean leaf age is calculated using the following equation:
277	! \latexonly
278	! \input{turnover_lma_update_eqn1.tex}
279	! \endlatexonly
280	! \n
281	leaf_meanage(:,:) = zero
282
283	DO m = 1, nleafages
284	leaf_meanage(:,:) = leaf_meanage(:,:) + leaf_age(:,:,m) * leaf_frac(:,:,m)
285	ENDDO
286
287	!! 3. Climatic senescence
288
289	! Three different types of "climatic" leaf senescence,
290	! that do not change the age structure.
291	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
292
293	!! 3.1 Determine if there is climatic senescence.
294	! The climatic senescence can be of three types:
295	! sensitivity to cold temperatures, to lack of water, or both. If meteorological conditions are
296	! fulfilled, a flag senescence is set to TRUE.
297	! Evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence.
298
299	SELECT CASE ( senescence_type(j) )
300
301
302	CASE ('crop' )!for crop senescence is based on a GDD criterium as in crop models
303	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
304	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
305	( gdd_from_growthinit(:,j) .GT. gdd_senescence(j)))
306	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
307	ENDWHERE
308
309	CASE ( 'cold' )
310
311	!! 3.1.1 Summergreen species: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures
312	! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to cold temperatures as follows:
313	! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero),
314	! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence,
315	! which is given in ::stomate_constants),
316	! AND the monthly temperature is low enough (i.e. when monthly temperature ::t2m_month(:) is below a critical
317	! temperature ::t_crit(:), which is calculated in this module),
318	! AND the temperature tendency is negative (i.e. when weekly temperatures ::t2m_week(:) are lower than monthly
319	! temperatures ::t2m_month(:))
320	! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE.
321	!
322	! The critical temperature for senescence is calculated using the following equation:
323	! \latexonly
324	! \input{turnover_temp_crit_eqn2.tex}
325	! \endlatexonly
326	! \n
327	!
328	! Critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature
329	tl(:) = t2m_longterm(:) - ZeroCelsius
330	t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + &
331	tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + &
332	tl(:)tl(:) senescence_temp(j,3)
333
334	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
335	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
336	( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) )
337
338	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
339
340	ENDWHERE
341
342	CASE ( 'dry' )
343
344	!! 3.1.2 Raingreen species: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability
345	! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to lack of water availability as follows:
346	! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero),
347	! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence,
348	! which is given in ::stomate_constants),
349	! AND the moisture availability drops below a critical level (i.e. when weekly moisture availability
350	! ::moiavail_week(:,j) is below a critical moisture availability ::moiavail_crit(:),
351	! which is calculated in this module),
352	! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE.
353	!
354	! The moisture availability critical level is calculated using the following equation:
355	! \latexonly
356	! \input{turnover_moist_crit_eqn3.tex}
357	! \endlatexonly
358	! \n
359	moiavail_crit(:) = &
360	MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * &
361	( maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), &
362	senescence_hum(j) ), &
363	nosenescence_hum(j) )
364
365	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
366	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
367	( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) )
368
369	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
370
371	ENDWHERE
372
373	CASE ( 'mixed' )
374
375	!! 3.1.3 Mixed criterion: Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water
376	! Climatic senescence is triggered by sensitivity to temperature or to lack of water availability as follows:
377	! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero),
378	! AND (i.e. when leaf mean age is above a certain PFT-dependent treshold ::min_leaf_age_for_senescence,
379	! which is given in ::stomate_constants),
380	! AND the moisture availability drops below a critical level (i.e. when weekly moisture availability
381	! ::moiavail_week(:,j) is below a critical moisture availability ::moiavail_crit(:), calculated in this module),
382	! OR
383	! the monthly temperature is low enough (i.e. when monthly temperature ::t2m_month(:) is below a critical
384	! temperature ::t_crit(:), calculated in this module),
385	! AND the temperature tendency is negative (i.e. when weekly temperatures ::t2m_week(:) are lower than
386	! monthly temperatures ::t2m_month(:)).
387	! If these conditions are met, senescence is set to TRUE.
388	moiavail_crit(:) = &
389	MIN( MAX( minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) + hum_frac(j) * &
390	(maxmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) - minmoiavail_lastyear(:,j) ), &
391	senescence_hum(j) ), &
392	nosenescence_hum(j) )
393
394	tl(:) = t2m_longterm(:) - ZeroCelsius
395	t_crit(:) = ZeroCelsius + senescence_temp(j,1) + &
396	tl(:) * senescence_temp(j,2) + &
397	tl(:)tl(:) senescence_temp(j,3)
398
399	IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN
400	! critical temperature for senescence may depend on long term annual mean temperature
401	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
402	( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
403	( ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) ) .OR. &
404	( ( t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:) ) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) ) ) ) )
405	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
406	ENDWHERE
407	ELSE
408
409	turnover_time(:,j) = max_turnover_time(j)
410
411	!! WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
412	!! ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
413	!! ( ( moiavail_week(:,j) .LT. moiavail_crit(:) )))
414	!! turnover_time(:,j) = max_turnover_time(j) * &
415	!! (1.- (1.- (moiavail_week(:,j)/ moiavail_crit(:)))**2)
416	!! ENDWHERE
417	!!
418	!! WHERE ( turnover_time(:,j) .LT. min_turnover_time(j) )
419	!! turnover_time(:,j) = min_turnover_time(j)
420	!! ENDWHERE
421	!!
422	!! WHERE ((( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. &
423	!! ( leaf_meanage(:,j) .GT. min_leaf_age_for_senescence(j) ) .AND. &
424	!! ((t2m_month(:) .LT. t_crit(:)) .AND. (lai(:,j) .GT. lai_max(j)/4.) .OR. &
425	!! (t2m_month(:) .LT. ZeroCelsius)) .AND. ( t2m_week(:) .LT. t2m_month(:) )))
426	!! turnover_time(:,j)= leaffall(j)
427	!! ENDWHERE
428	WHERE (( leaf_frac(:,j,nleafages) .GT. 0.6) .AND. (when_growthinit(:,j).GT. 100.))
429	senescence(:,j) = .TRUE.
430	ENDWHERE
431	ENDIF
432
433
434	!! Evergreen species do not experience climatic senescence
435	CASE ( 'none' )
436
437
438	!! In case no climatic senescence type is recognized.
439	CASE default
440
441	WRITE(numout,*) ' turnover: don''t know how to treat this PFT.'
442	WRITE(numout,*) ' number (::j) : ',j
443	WRITE(numout,*) ' senescence type (::senescence_type(j)) : ',senescence_type(j)
444
445	CALL ipslerr_p(3,"turn","Dont know how to treat this PFT.","","")
446
447	END SELECT
448
449	!! 3.2 Drop leaves and roots, plus stems and fruits for grasses
450
451	IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN
452
453	!! 3.2.1 Trees in climatic senescence lose their fine roots at the same rate as they lose their leaves.
454	! The rate of biomass loss of both fine roots and leaves is presribed through the equation:
455	! \latexonly
456	! \input{turnover_clim_senes_biomass_eqn4.tex}
457	! \endlatexonly
458	! \n
459	! with ::leaffall(j) a PFT-dependent time constant which is given in ::stomate_constants),
460	WHERE ( senescence(:,j) )
461
462	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j)
463	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j)
464	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * dt / leaffall(j)
465	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) * dt / leaffall(j)
466
467
468	ENDWHERE
469
470	ELSE
471
472	!! 3.2.2 In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant
473	! In grasses, leaf senescence is extended to the whole plant (all carbon pools) except to its
474	! carbohydrate reserve.
475
476	IF (senescence_type(j) .EQ. 'crop') THEN
477	! 3.2.2.1 crops with 'crop' phenological model
478	WHERE ( senescence(:,j) )
479	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j)
480	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j)
481	turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / leaffall(j)
482	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt /leaffall(j)
483
484	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * dt / leaffall(j)
485	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) * dt / leaffall(j)
486	turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) * dt / leaffall(j)
487	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) * dt /leaffall(j)
488	ENDWHERE
489	ELSE
490	! 3.2.2.2 grass or crops based on 'mixed' phenological model
491	WHERE (turnover_time(:,j) .LT. max_turnover_time(j))
492	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
493	turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
494	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
495	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
496
497	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
498	turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
499	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
500	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) * dt / turnover_time(:,j)
501	ENDWHERE
502	ENDIF
503	ENDIF ! tree/grass
504
505	biomass(:,j,ileaf,:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,:) - turnover(:,j,ileaf,:)
506	biomass(:,j,isapabove,:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,:) - turnover(:,j,isapabove,:)
507	biomass(:,j,iroot,:) = biomass(:,j,iroot,:) - turnover(:,j,iroot,:)
508	biomass(:,j,ifruit,:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,:) - turnover(:,j,ifruit,:)
509
510	biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) &
511	+ recycle_leaf(j) * turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) &
512	+ recycle_root(j) * turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen)
513
514	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * ( 1.0 - recycle_leaf(j) )
515	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) * ( 1.0 - recycle_root(j) )
516
517	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
518
519	!! 4. Leaf fall
520	! At a certain age, leaves fall off, even if the climate would allow a green plant
521	! all year round. Even if the meteorological conditions are favorable for leaf maintenance,
522	! plants, and in particular, evergreen trees, have to renew their leaves simply because the
523	! old leaves become inefficient.
524	! Roots, fruits (and stems) follow leaves. The decay rate varies with leaf age.
525	! Note that plant is not declared senescent in this case (wchich is important for allocation:
526	! if the plant loses leaves because of their age, it can renew them).
527	!
528	! The leaf turnover rate due to aging of leaves is calculated using the following equation:
529	! \latexonly
530	! \input{turnover_age_senes_biomass_eqn5.tex}
531	! \endlatexonly
532	! \n
533	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
534
535	!! save old leaf mass
536	lm_old(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon)
537
538	!! initialize leaf mass change in age class
539	delta_lm(:,:) = zero
540
541	IF ( is_tree(j) .OR. (.NOT. natural(j)) ) THEN
542
543	!! 4.1 Trees: leaves, roots, fruits roots and fruits follow leaves.
544
545	!! 4.1.1 Critical age: prescribed for trees
546	leaf_age_crit(:,j) = leafagecrit(j)
547
548	ELSE
549
550	!! 4.2 Grasses: leaves, roots, fruits, sap follow leaves.
551
552	!! 4.2.1 Critical leaf age depends on long-term temperature
553	! Critical leaf age depends on long-term temperature
554	! generally, lower turnover in cooler climates.
555	leaf_age_crit(:,j) = &
556	MIN( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(1) , &
557	MAX( leafagecrit(j) * leaf_age_crit_coeff(2) , &
558	leafagecrit(j) - leaf_age_crit_coeff(3) * &
559	( t2m_longterm(:)-ZeroCelsius - leaf_age_crit_tref ) ) )
560
561	END IF
562
563	! 4.2.2 Loop over leaf age classes
564	DO m = 1, nleafages
565
566	turnover_rate(:) = zero
567
568	WHERE ( leaf_age(:,j,m) .GT. leaf_age_crit(:,j)/2. )
569
570	turnover_rate(:) = &
571	MIN( 0.99_r_std, dt / ( leaf_age_crit(:,j) * &
572	( leaf_age_crit(:,j) / leaf_age(:,j,m) )**quatre ) )
573
574	ENDWHERE
575
576	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
577	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
578	biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
579
580	! save leaf mass change
581	delta_lm(:,m) = - dturnover(:)
582
583	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
584	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
585	biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
586
587	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
588	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
589	biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
590
591
592	!! for N pools
593	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
594	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) + ( 1.0 - recycle_leaf(j) ) * dturnover(:)
595	biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) + recycle_leaf(j) * dturnover(:)
596	biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
597
598	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
599	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) + ( 1.0 - recycle_root(j) ) * dturnover(:)
600	biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) + recycle_root(j) * dturnover(:)
601	biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
602
603	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
604	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
605	biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
606
607	IF (.NOT. is_tree(j)) THEN
608	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
609	turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
610	biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
611
612	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) * leaf_frac(:,j,m) * turnover_rate(:)
613	turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
614	biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
615	ENDIF
616
617	ENDDO
618
619	!! 4.3 Recalculate the fraction of leaf biomass in each leaf age class.
620	! Older leaves will fall more fast than younger leaves and therefore
621	! the leaf age distribution needs to be recalculated after turnover.
622	! The fraction of biomass in each leaf class is updated using the following equation:
623	! \latexonly
624	! \input{turnover_update_LeafAgeDistribution_eqn6.tex}
625	! \endlatexonly
626	! \n
627	!
628	! new fraction = new leaf mass of that fraction / new total leaf mass
629	! = (old fraction*old total leaf mass ::lm_old(:) + biomass change of that fraction ::delta_lm(:,m) ) /
630	! new total leaf mass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf
631	DO m = 1, nleafages
632
633	WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. min_sechiba )
634	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = ( leaf_frac(:,j,m)*lm_old(:) + delta_lm(:,m) ) / biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon)
635	ELSEWHERE
636	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero
637	ENDWHERE
638
639	ENDDO
640
641	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
642
643	!! 5. New (provisional) LAI
644	! ::lai(:,j) is determined from the leaf biomass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) and the
645	! specific leaf surface :: sla(j) (m^2 gC^{-1})
646	! The leaf area index is updated using the following equation:
647	! \latexonly
648	! \input{turnover_update_LAI_eqn7.tex}
649	! \endlatexonly
650	! \n
651
652	! lai(:,ibare_sechiba) = zero
653	! DO j = 2, nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
654	! lai(:,j) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * sla(j)
655	! ENDDO
656
657	!! 6. Definitely drop all leaves if there is a very low leaf mass during senescence.
658
659	! Both for deciduous trees and grasses same conditions are checked:
660	! If biomass is large enough (i.e. when it is greater than zero),
661	! AND when senescence is set to true
662	! AND the leaf biomass drops below a critical minimum biomass level (i.e. when it is lower than half
663	! the minimum initial LAI ::lai_initmin(j) divided by the specific leaf area ::sla(j),
664	! ::lai_initmin(j) is set to 0.3 in stomate_data.f90 and sla is a constant that is set to 0.015366 m2/gC),
665	! If these conditions are met, the flag ::shed_rest(:) is set to TRUE.
666	!
667	! After this, the biomass of different carbon pools both for trees and grasses is set to zero
668	! and the mean leaf age is reset to zero.
669	! Finally, the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes is set to zero.
670	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
671
672	shed_rest(:) = .FALSE.
673
674	!! 6.1 For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped
675	! For deciduous trees: next to leaves, also fruits and fine roots are dropped: fruit ::biomass(:,j,ifruit)
676	! and fine root ::biomass(:,j,iroot) carbon pools are set to zero.
677	IF ( is_tree(j) .AND. ( senescence_type(j) .NE. 'none' ) ) THEN
678
679	! check whether we shed the remaining leaves
680	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. &
681	( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/slainit(j) ) )
682
683	shed_rest(:) = .TRUE.
684
685	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon)
686	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon)
687	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon)
688
689	biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = zero
690	biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = zero
691	biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = zero
692
693	! for N pools
694	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) &
695	+ (1.0-recycle_leaf(j)) * biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen)
696	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) &
697	+ (1.0-recycle_root(j)) * biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen)
698	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) &
699	+ biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen)
700
701	biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) &
702	+ recycle_leaf(j) * biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) &
703	+ recycle_root(j) * biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen)
704	biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = zero
705	biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = zero
706	biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = zero
707
708	! reset leaf age and lai
709	leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero
710	lai(:,j) = zero
711	ENDWHERE
712
713	ENDIF
714
715	!! 6.2 For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected:
716	! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools, except the carbohydrate reserves are affected:
717	! fruit ::biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon), fine root ::biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) and sapwood above
718	! ::biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) carbon pools are set to zero.
719	IF ( .NOT. is_tree(j) ) THEN
720
721	! Shed the remaining leaves if LAI very low.
722	WHERE ( ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero ) .AND. senescence(:,j) .AND. &
723	( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .LT. (lai_initmin(j) / 2.)/slainit(j) ))
724
725	shed_rest(:) = .TRUE.
726
727	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon)
728	turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon)
729	turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,iroot,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon)
730	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon)
731
732	biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = zero
733	biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = zero
734	biomass(:,j,iroot,icarbon) = zero
735	biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = zero
736
737	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) &
738	+ (1.0-recycle_leaf(j)) * biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen)
739	turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,iroot,initrogen) &
740	+ (1.0-recycle_root(j)) * biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen)
741	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) &
742	+ biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen)
743
744	biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ilabile,initrogen) &
745	+ recycle_leaf(j) * biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) &
746	+ recycle_root(j) * biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen)
747	biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = zero
748	biomass(:,j,iroot,initrogen) = zero
749	biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = zero
750
751	! reset leaf age and lai
752	leaf_meanage(:,j) = zero
753	lai(:,j) = zero
754	ENDWHERE
755
756	ENDIF
757
758	!! 6.3 Reset the leaf age structure: the leaf fraction and leaf age of the different leaf age classes is set to zero.
759
760	DO m = 1, nleafages
761
762	WHERE ( shed_rest(:) )
763
764	leaf_age(:,j,m) = zero
765	leaf_frac(:,j,m) = zero
766
767	ENDWHERE
768
769	ENDDO
770
771	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
772
773	!! 7. Herbivore activity: elephants, cows, gazelles but no lions.
774
775	! Herbivore activity affects the biomass of leaves and fruits as well
776	! as stalks (only for grasses). Herbivore activity does not modify leaf
777	! age structure. Herbivores ::herbivores(:,j) is the time constant of
778	! probability of a leaf to be eaten by a herbivore, and is calculated in
779	! ::stomate_season. following Mc Naughton et al. [1989].
780
781	IF ( ok_herbivores ) THEN
782
783	! If the herbivore activity is allowed (if ::ok_herbivores is true, which is set in run.def),
784	! remove the amount of biomass consumed by herbivory from the leaf biomass ::biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) and
785	! the fruit biomass ::biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon).
786	! The daily amount consumed equals the biomass multiplied by 1 day divided by the time constant ::herbivores(:,j).
787	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
788
789	IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN
790
791	!! For trees: only the leaves and fruit carbon pools are affected
792
793	WHERE (biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero)
794	! added by shilong
795	WHERE (herbivores(:,j).GT. min_sechiba)
796	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
797	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
798	biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
799
800	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
801	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
802	biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
803
804
805	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
806	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
807	biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
808
809	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
810	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
811	biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
812	ENDWHERE
813	ENDWHERE
814
815	ELSE
816
817	! For grasses: all aboveground carbon pools are affected: leaves, fruits and sapwood above
818	WHERE ( biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) .GT. zero )
819	! added by shilong
820	WHERE (herbivores(:,j) .GT. min_sechiba)
821	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
822	turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
823	biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
824
825	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
826	turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
827	biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ileaf,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
828
829	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
830	turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
831	biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
832
833	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
834	turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
835	biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
836
837
838	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
839	turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) + dturnover(:)
840	biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,icarbon) - dturnover(:)
841
842	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) * dt / herbivores(:,j)
843	turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) + dturnover(:)
844	biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,initrogen) - dturnover(:)
845	ENDWHERE
846
847	ENDWHERE
848
849	ENDIF ! tree/grass?
850
851	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
852
853	ENDIF ! end herbivores
854
855	!! 8. Fruit turnover for trees
856
857	! Fruit turnover for trees: trees simply lose their fruits with a time constant ::tau_fruit(j),
858	! that is set to 90 days for all PFTs in ::stomate_constants
859
860	DO k = 1,nelements
861	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
862	IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN
863
864	dturnover(:) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) * dt / tau_fruit(j)
865	turnover(:,j,ifruit,k) = turnover(:,j,ifruit,k) + dturnover(:)
866	biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) = biomass(:,j,ifruit,k) - dturnover(:)
867
868	ENDIF
869	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
870	END DO
871
872	!! 9 Conversion of sapwood to heartwood both for aboveground and belowground sapwood and heartwood.
873
874	! Following LPJ (Sitch et al., 2003), sapwood biomass is converted into heartwood biomass
875	! with a time constant tau ::tau_sap(j) of 1 year.
876	! Note that this biomass conversion is not added to "turnover" as the biomass is not lost!
877	DO j = 2,nvm ! Loop over # PFTs
878
879	IF ( is_tree(j) ) THEN
880
881	!! For the recalculation of age in 9.2 (in case the vegetation is not dynamic ie. ::ok_dgvm is FALSE),
882	!! the heartwood above and below is stored in ::hw_old(:).
883	IF ( .NOT. ok_dgvm ) THEN
884	hw_old(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,icarbon)
885	ENDIF
886
887	!! 9.1 Calculate the rate of sapwood to heartwood conversion
888	! Calculate the rate of sapwood to heartwood conversion with the time constant ::tau_sap(j)
889	! and update aboveground and belowground sapwood ::biomass(:,j,isapabove) and ::biomass(:,j,isapbelow)
890	! and heartwood ::biomass(:,j,iheartabove) and ::biomass(:,j,iheartbelow).
891
892	DO k = 1,nelements
893
894	! Above the ground
895	sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) * dt / tau_sap(j)
896	biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) = biomass(:,j,isapabove,k) - sapconv(:)
897	biomass(:,j,iheartabove,k) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,k) + sapconv(:)
898
899	! Below the ground
900	sapconv(:) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) * dt / tau_sap(j)
901	biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) = biomass(:,j,isapbelow,k) - sapconv(:)
902	biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,k) = biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,k) + sapconv(:)
903
904	END DO
905
906	!! 9.2 If the vegetation is not dynamic, the age of the plant is decreased.
907	! The updated heartwood, the sum of new heartwood above and new heartwood below after
908	! converting sapwood to heartwood, is saved as ::hw_new(:) .
909	! Creation of new heartwood decreases the age of the plant with a factor that is determined by:
910	! old heartwood ::hw_old(:) divided by the new heartwood ::hw_new(:)
911	IF ( .NOT. ok_dgvm ) THEN
912
913	hw_new(:) = biomass(:,j,iheartabove,icarbon) + biomass(:,j,iheartbelow,icarbon)
914
915	WHERE ( hw_new(:) .GT. min_sechiba )
916
917	age(:,j) = age(:,j) * hw_old(:)/hw_new(:)
918
919	ENDWHERE
920
921	ENDIF
922
923	ENDIF
924
925	ENDDO ! loop over PFTs
926
927
928	! WRITE(numout,) '**** turnover_time:',turnover_time(:,:)
929
930	CALL xios_orchidee_send_field("HERBIVORES",herbivores)
931	CALL xios_orchidee_send_field("LEAF_AGE",leaf_meanage)
932
933
934	! Write mean leaf age and time constant of probability of a leaf to be eaten by a herbivore
935	! to the stomate output file.
936	CALL histwrite_p (hist_id_stomate, 'LEAF_AGE', itime, &
937	leaf_meanage, npts*nvm, horipft_index)
938	CALL histwrite_p (hist_id_stomate, 'HERBIVORES', itime, &
939	herbivores, npts*nvm, horipft_index)
940
941	IF (printlev>=4) WRITE(numout,*) 'Leaving turnover'
942
943	END SUBROUTINE turn
944
945	END MODULE stomate_turnover

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